Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the changes in food consumption and land requirements for food in different regions of China, based on statistical data. The results showed that the consumption of staple crops (grain) has decreased significantly, and the consumption of animal products has increased. The per capita land requirement for staple crop production has decreased from 1116.88 to 431.08 m² in eastern China, from 931.84 to 460.06 m² in central China, and from 985.97 m² to 446.55 m² in western China. The per capita land requirement for animal production has increased from 497.22 m² to 906.18 m² in eastern China, from 189.55 to 693.67 m² in central China, and from 226.23 m² to 666.75 m² in western China. The total land requirement for food is increasing, and eastern China needs more land to produce food than do central and western China. An analysis using a decomposition approach indicated that the changes in food consumption patterns have exceeded population growth to become the major driver of increased land requirements for food. Adjusting the food production structure and guiding the population towards healthy and sustainable food consumption are important measures to ensure food security and land resource security in the future.