Abstract: Using comparative analysis and substituting temporal serial with spatial serial data, we analyzed data collected from abandoned farmland with eight different vegetation restoration periods (1-35 years). The interaction between vegetation regeneration, soil moisture and soil nutrients as the vegetation restoration period changed was also investigated. Results; 1) During 35 years of natural restoration the number of species present fluctuated, initially decreasing, increasing and decreasing again. The Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener index firstly increased, then decreased, and then increased again. However, the Pielou evenness index showed the opposite trend. 2) With increasing restoration period, aboveground biomass and underground biomass were both significantly positively correlated with restoration duration. 3) As restoration duration increased, soil moisture and soil fertility (except available phosphorus) in different soil layers initially declined and then increased. Available phosphorus decreased. Soil moisture of 20-50 cm, 50-80 cm, 80-100 cm initially declined and then increased; the opposite pattern was observed in the 20cm soil layer. 4) During the restoration process, indices of vegetation traits (except the Pielou index) were significantly positive correlated with soil nutrient content including soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.