Effects of different patterns of fertilization and mulching on the post-anthesis dry matter remobilization, sugar metabolism and grain yield of winter wheat in dry lands

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016194

Abstract

Abstract: To study the effects on winter wheat of different combinations of fertilizer, manure and mulching on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation and remobilization, water-soluble sugar content (WSC), sucrose sugar content (SSC) and seed yield, a field experiment was carried out during 2012-2015 at the Qingshui Experimental Station of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science (located in a typical semi-arid and rain-fed farming area). Different combinations of fertilizer (chemical+manure) and mulching were applied. Compared to T₁ (no fertilizer, control), grain yield under the other treatments increased in the following order: high level of chemical fertilizer combined with manure (T₆)>equal application of chemical fertilizer and manure (T₄)>high application of chemical fertilizer with plastic mulching (T₅)>equal application of chemical fertilizer with plastic mulching (T₃)>conventional application of chemical fertilizer (T₂)>T₁. Manure application increased post-anthesis accumulation of dry matter, dry matter remobilization rate, contribution rate to grain filling, grain weight per seed and spike number per square meter, thus increasing the grain yield. Compared to T₁, T₆ and T₄ resulted in yield increases of 119.22% and 118.24% respectively. Plastic mulching (T₃, T₅) increased post-anthesis accumulation of dry matter in the leaf, stem, sheath and glume, and grain number per spike, setting the foundation for yield improvement. However, plastic mulching also decreased the remobilization rate of dry matter and its contribution rate to grain filling. Nitrogen fertilizer application (T₃-T₆) increased the accumulation of dry matter in leaves, but excessive levels were detrimental to grain weight and decreased the remobilization rate and contribution rate to grain filling. Different combinations of fertilizer+mulching (T₂-T₆) decreased the water-soluble sugar content (WSC) and sucrose sugar content (SSC) of different vegetative organs during the mid-early period of filling (from 10 to 20 d after anthesis) and delayed the decrease in WSC and SSC in the leaf and sheath. The sharpest decrease in WSC and SSC in the leaf, stem, sheath and glume occurred from 30 to 40 d after anthesis, while in seeds it occurred from 10 to 20 d after anthesis. The yield, plant height, spike number per unit area, spike length and flag leaf area were significantly and negatively correlated with WSC and SSC in the leaf, stem and sheath from 10 to 20 d after anthesis. In the semi-arid and rain-fed farming area of Gansu, optimal application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, combined with manure application, is capable of achieving the same increase in yield achieved with plastic mulching and is a more sustainable way to produce wheat in dry lands.

ZHANG Li-Jun, LU Qing-Lin, BAI Yu-Long, ZHOU Gang, WANG Heng-Xing, ZHOU Jie. Effects of different patterns of fertilization and mulching on the post-anthesis dry matter remobilization, sugar metabolism and grain yield of winter wheat in dry lands[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(3): 149-160.

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