Abstract: Notopterygium medicine is the dried rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum or Notopterygium forbesii, which are members of the Umbelliferae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of cultivated N. forbesii in Gansu Province and its relationship with soil factors. Samples of N. forbesii were collected from cultivation areas in Gansu Province biennially, and the fresh samples were analyzed to determine notopterol and isoimperatorin contents. Soil samples were also collected and the following 10 factors were analyzed: the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium; volume weight; pH; the contents of cosmids, silt, and grit. The relationships between chemical compounds and ecological factors were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that, in all samples, the contents of notopterol and isoimperatorin met the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The contents of notopterol and isoimperatorin in N. forbesii differed among different cultivation areas, and N. forbesii samples showed certain regional characteristics. The highest total contents of notopterol and isoimperatorin were in samples from Wudu District, Kangle County, and Zhuoni County. Organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly and positively correlated with notopterol, available potassium was significantly and negatively correlated with notopterol content. Volume density and vailable phosphorus were the most important soil factor and were extremely positively correlated with isoimperatorin content, total nitrogen and organic matter were positively correlated with isoimperatorin. Isoimperatorin content was significantly negatively correlated with available potassium. Therefore, the soil volume weight, total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were identified as the main factors influencing the accumulation of chemical compounds in N. forbesii, and soil volume weight enhanced the accumulation of chemical composition. Wthin a certain range, the higher the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents, the higher the notoptetol and isoimperatorin content in N. forbesii. The mount of available potassium in soil should be controlled to ensure high-quality N. forbesii. These results can be used to promote the cultivation and quality of N. forbesii in Gansu Province.