Effects of planting density on yield and secondary metabolite content of Codonopsis pilosula

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017165

Abstract

Abstract: To research the effects of planting density on growth, yield and accumulation of secondary metabolites of Codonopsis pilosula, we conducted a single-factor randomized block experiment with 5 planting density treatments: 20 cm×10 cm, 20 cm×15 cm, 20 cm×20 cm, 30 cm×10 cm, 30 cm×15 cm. The roots were harvested at three different times; 30th August, 30th September and 20th October. The root yield and secondary metabolite content were subject to statistical analysis. Planting density had a significant effect on growth, yield and secondary metabolite content; yield and secondary metabolite content were much higher in the 20 cm×10-15 cm treatments. It was also observed that C. pilosula in Tanchang was still growing in late October, and that the quality of the extract conformed with the necessities of the China Pharmacopoeia. Consequently, late October is the suggested harvest period.

JIN Peng-bo, HU Jia-dong, MAO Ge, ZHANG Zhi-wei, MA Cun-de, LIANG Zong-suo, DONG Juan-e. Effects of planting density on yield and secondary metabolite content of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(3): 164-172.

References

[1] Dong J E, Liang Z S.Analysis on the factor influencing secondary metabolite accumulation in plants. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(10): 1979-1983.
董娟娥, 梁宗锁. 植物次生代谢物积累量影响因素分析. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(10): 1979-1983.
[2] Guo G G, Wu S S, Wang Y H.Effect of species and ecosystem on the density of rhizome Alisma. Research and Practice of Chinese Medicines, 2007, 21(1): 12-13.
郭改革, 吴水生, 王英豪. 种质与生态环境对泽泻块茎密度的影响. 现代中药研究与实践, 2007, 21(1): 12-13.
[3] Liu W T, Liang Z S, Fu L L, et al. Effect of planting density on active constituents and output of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Research and Practice of Chinese Medicines, 2003, 17(4): 14-17.
刘文婷, 梁宗锁, 付亮亮, 等. 栽植密度对丹参产量和有效成分含量的影响. 现代中药研究与实践, 2003, 17(4): 14-17.
[4] Tong W S, Huang Q Y, Chang Y.Effect of planting density on bolting, yield and effective ingredient of S. divaricata. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2010, 41(2): 73-77.
佟伟霜, 黄庆阳, 常缨. 栽培密度对防风抽薹、产量和有效成分的影响. 东北农业大学学报, 2010, 41(2): 73-77.
[5] Hiltbrunner J, Streit B, Liedgens M.Are seeding densities an opportunity to increase grain yield of winter wheat in a living mulch of white clover. Field Crops Research, 2007, 102(3): 163-171.
[6] Trachsel S, San Vicente F M, Suarez E A, et al. Effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilization level on grain yield and harvest index in seven modern tropical maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 2016, 154(4): 689-704.
[7] Li M L, Zheng L, Yang A Z, et al. Effects of sowing date and planting density on the nutrient composition of Brassica flower stalk and rapeseed yield of double-low Brassica. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(3): 137-141.
李孟良, 郑琳, 杨安中, 等. 播期、密度对“双低油菜”菜苔营养成分及菜籽产量的影响. 草业学报, 2008, 17(3): 137-141.
[8] Zhao R M, Sun L H, Guo F X, et al. Effects of transplant density on the growth, development, officinale yield and quality of Radix hedysari. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 167-174.
赵锐明, 孙连虎, 郭凤霞, 等. 移栽密度对红芪生长发育及药材产量和质量的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 167-174.
[9] Liu J L, Fan Q J, Zheng S L, et al. Quantitative determination of 5 active ingredients in different harvest periods of Ligusticum chuanxiong by HPLC. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2014, (9): 1650-1655.
刘金亮, 范巧佳, 郑顺林, 等. HPLC测定不同采收期川芎药材中5种药效成分的含量. 中国中药杂志, 2014, (9): 1650-1655.
[10] Yang X H, Guo Q S, Zhu Z B, et al. Optimum harvest time of Tulipa edulis based on comparison of biomass accumulation and medicinal quality evaluation. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2016, (4): 624-629.
杨小花, 郭巧生, 朱再标, 等. 不同采收期老鸦瓣生物量积累及药材品质研究. 中国中药杂志, 2016, (4): 624-629.
[11] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China (2015). Beijing: The Medicine Science and Technology Press of China, 2015: 281-282.
国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典2015年版(一部). 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2015: 281-282.
[12] Zhang X D, Gao J P, Cao L Y, et al. Survey of Codonopsis germplasm resource and production status. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2013, (3): 496-498.
张向东, 高建平, 曹铃亚, 等. 中药党参资源及生产现状. 中华中医药学刊, 2013, (3): 496-498.
[13] He C Y, Zhang Y H, Lin H M.Study on dynamic growth of Codonopsis pilosula. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2006, 31(4): 285-289.
何春雨, 张延红, 蔺海明. 甘肃道地党参生长动态研究. 中国中药杂志, 2006, 31(4): 285-289.
[14] He C Y, Zhang Y H, Lin H M.Study on biomass dynamic changes of Codonopsis pilosula under the planting density and fertilizing amount. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2005, 28(9): 745-748.
何春雨, 张延红, 蔺海明. 不同栽植密度和施肥量下党参生物量变化动态及其效应研究. 中药材, 2005, 28(9): 745-748.
[15] Gong C W, Zhao X N, Feng S J, et al. Effect of formula fertilization on the production of Codonopsis pilosula. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2013, 22(11): 130-136.
龚成文, 赵欣楠, 冯守疆, 等. 配方施肥对党参生产特性的影响. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(11): 130-136.
[16] Zhao Y L, Chen Y, Guo F X, et al. Effects of sowing time on yield and quality of Codonopsis pilosula seedlings. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 139-148.
赵亚兰, 陈垣, 郭凤霞, 等. 冬播和春播育苗对党参苗栽产量和质量的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 139-148.
[17] Wang H Z, Lian Z X, Lu G D, et al. Relationship between seedling grade of Codonopsis pilosula and yield and quality of medicinal materials. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2016, 41(21): 3950-3955.
王惠珍, 连中学, 陆国弟, 等. 党参种苗等级与药材产量及质量的关系. 中国中药杂志, 2016, 41(21): 3950-3955.
[18] Chen Y, Zhu G S, Guo Q S, et al. Effect of light quality on growth and quality of Pinellia ternata. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2013, 38(24): 4257-4262.
陈韵, 朱国胜, 郭巧生, 等. 光质对半夏生长及其药材品质的影响. 中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(24): 4257-4262.
[19] Zhou X L, Ma X E, Shang K W, et al. Research on reproductive allocation of biomass and nutrients in different phenological stages of Glycyrrhiza inflata. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(4): 25-32.
周小玲, 马新娥, 尚可为, 等. 不同物候期胀果甘草生物量和营养物质生殖分配研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 25-32.
[20] Casper B B, Jr C J.Population-level responses to nutrient heterogeneity and density by Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae): an experimental neighborhood approach. American Journal of Botany, 1998, 85(12): 1680-1687.
[21] Wang R F, Lin H M, Xie J J, et al. Study on growth law of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different planting density. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2008, 33(10): 1117-1120.
王瑞芳, 蔺海明, 谢建军, 等. 不同定植密度下甘草生长规律的研究. 中国中药杂志, 2008, 33(10): 1117-1120.
[22] Sun Z R, Zhai M P, Wang Q W, et al. Effects of density on seedling growth and glycyrrhizinic acid content in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2007, 31(21): 2222-2226.
孙志蓉, 翟明普, 王全文, 等. 密度对甘草苗生长及甘草酸含量的影响. 中国中药杂志, 2007, 31(21): 2222-2226.
[23] Du X T, Wang T C.The law of increasing density effect of crop and its significance. Henan Science, 2003, 21(6): 733-737.
杜心田, 王同朝. 作物密度效应递增律及其意义. 河南科学, 2003, 21(6): 733-737.
[24] Zhan J, Luo X H, Su X Z, et al. Effect of planting density on productivity and photosynthetic characteristics of Chamaecrista rotundifolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(5): 66-71.
詹杰, 罗旭辉, 苏小珍, 等. 不同留株密度对圆叶决明生产性能及光合特性的影响. 草业学报, 2011, 20(5): 66-71.
[25] Dong J E, Zhang K J, Liang Z S.Plant secondary metabolism and its regulation. Yangling: Press of Northwest A & F University, 2009.
董娟娥, 张康健, 梁宗锁. 植物次生代谢与调控. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学出版社, 2009.
[26] Gershenzon J, Murtagh G J, Croteau R.Absence of rapid terpene turnover in several diverse species of terpene-accumulating plants. Oecologia, 1993, 96(4): 583-592.
[27] Barto E K, Cipollini D.Testing the optimal defense theory and the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Oecologia, 2005, 146(2): 169-178.
[28] Cai S Z, Li J, Pan Y Z, et al. Effects of different plant densities on growth and development of Aconitum carmichaeli. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(2): 278-282.
蔡仕珍, 李璟, 潘远智, 等. 不同种植密度对乌头生长发育的影响. 草业学报, 2011, 20(2): 278-282.
[29] Tian C L, Jie X L, Liu Y, et al. Effect of Se-Zn and fulvic acid combined application on nutrient component and amino acids formation of alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 66-75.
田春丽, 介晓磊, 刘巘, 等. 硒锌与富啡酸配施对紫花苜蓿产量、营养成分及氨基酸组成的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(2): 66-75.
[30] Qi H, Chen Y, Guo F X, et al. Use of the ‘3134’ fertilization design to determine optimal fertilization rates foe Rheum tanguticum. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(9): 19-29.
齐浩, 陈垣, 郭凤霞, 等. 唐古特大黄“3414”施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究. 草业学报, 2015, 24(9): 19-29.
[31] Chen X N, Qiu D Y, Lin H M.Botanical characteristics and medicinal value of five Glycyrrhiza species cultivated in the Hexi region of Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(4): 246-253.
陈小娜, 邱黛玉, 蔺海明. 甘肃河西五种甘草属植物的植物学特性及药用价值研究. 草业学报, 2016, 25(4): 246-253.