Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017331

Abstract

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to scientifically identify the appropriate feed for Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes in order to change the animals’ breeding mode, which currently can only be mated at the age of 2.5 years due to insufficient nutritional supply. The experiment selected 48 12-month-old ewes and randomly divided them into group a (Diet 1), group b (Diet 2), group c (Diet 3), and a control group with no supplementary feeding. The feed test was run for 90 days. The rumen pH of groups a and b were very significantly higher (P<0.01) or group c significantly lower (P<0.05) than control group. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen and total nitrogen of groups a, b and c were all higher than control group (P<0.01). The total volatile fatty acids of group a and b were all higher than the control group (P<0.01), group b significantly higher than group c (P<0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group a was very significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), group b and c were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in group a was very significantly higher than group c (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group b was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The number of several rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and protozoa in groups a, b and c were very significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementary feeding can positively affect the rumen metabolic parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes. In general, the effects of Diet 1 were the strongest, while Diet 2 also produced notable improvements.

Key words: cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding, Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep, rumen metabolic parameters, rumen microorganisms

JIN Ji-peng, GUO Wu-jun, ZHANG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Chang-ji, ZHANG Yong, WANG Chun-hui, ZHANG Li-ping. Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(7): 93-103.

References

[1] Li W.Industry conditions, development direction and countermeasures of Gansu alpine Fine-wool Sheep. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2011, 32(1): 80-83.
李伟. 甘肃高山细毛羊产业状况与发展方向及对策. 家畜生态学报, 2011, 32(1): 80-83.
[2] Wang T X.Breeding status and perpective of Gansu alpine Merino. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 31(3): 46-48, 50.
王天翔. 甘肃高山细毛羊育种现状及发展前景. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2012, 31(3): 46-48, 50.
[3] Zhang C J, Zhang L P.Influence of brick supplementation on Gansu alpine Merno production performance. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(9): 1496-1499.
张昌吉, 张利平. 补饲舔砖对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(9): 1496-1499.
[4] Zhang L P, Gong X Y, Zhang M X, et al.The production status analysis of Gansu alpine Finewool Sheep in family ranch of Sunan Pastoral area. Grass-feeding Livestock, 2014, (5): 1-6.
张利平, 宫旭胤, 张明贤, 等. 肃南牧区家庭牧场甘肃高山细毛羊生产现状研究分析. 草食家畜, 2014, (5): 1-6.
[5] Yang B P, Yan F M.Nutritional problems and countermeasures of Gansu alpine Finewool Sheep. Gansu Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2000, (6): 43-44.
杨保平, 阎奋民. 甘肃高山细毛羊营养问题及对策. 甘肃畜牧兽医, 2000, (6): 43-44.
[6] Zhao Z, He Y, Li Q, et al.Grassland investigation in Sunan Yugu autonomous county. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(6): 231-247.
赵忠, 何毅, 李青, 等. 肃南裕固族自治县草原资源调查. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 231-247.
[7] Liu S R, Lü W B.Study on nutrition requirement of eggs produced by high quality finewool sheep. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2001, (Supple 1): 129-132.
刘守仁, 吕维斌. 优质细毛羊育成母羊营养需要量的研究. 新疆农业科学, 2001, (增刊1): 129-132.
[8] Wang X L, Di J, Liu X, et al.Seasonal growth of wool under different feeding patterns. China Herbivores, 2005, 25(3): 31-33.
王秀兰, 狄江, 刘欣, 等. 不同饲养方式下羊毛的季节性生长. 中国草食动物, 2005, 25(3): 31-33.
[9] Zhang Y W, Luo H L, Gao W M, et al.Effects of ecological environment and nutritional level on fine wool and its possible mechanism. China Herbivores, 2012, (Supple 1): 381-384.
张玉伟, 罗海玲, 高维敏, 等. 生态环境和营养水平对细羊毛的影响及其可能机制. 中国草食动物科学, 2012, (增刊1): 381-384.
[10] Yang B, Wu J P, Yang L, et al.Metabolic energy balance and countermeasures study in north grassland of China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(2): 187-195.
杨博, 吴建平, 杨联, 等. 中国北方草原草畜代谢能平衡分析与对策研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 187-195.
[11] Gong X Y.Study on the application of grass-livestock balance and precise management model in sheep production in Sunan county. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2010.
宫旭胤. 草畜平衡和精准管理模型在肃南县绵羊生产中的应用研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2010.
[12] Gao P, Wang Z F, Chang S H, et al.Livestock production features and development strategy in main ecological regions of northwest of China. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(12): 2316-2322.
高鹏, 王召峰, 常生华, 等. 西北主要生态区家畜生产特征及发展对策分析. 草业科学, 2014, 31(12): 2316-2322.
[13] Zhang X H, Zhu J Z, Sun Z J, et al.Influence of grazing intensity on the aboveground biomass and nutrient dynamics of community. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(1): 116-124.
张鲜花, 朱进忠, 孙宗玖, 等. 放牧强度对草地牧草现存量及养分动态的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(1): 116-124.
[14] Zhao Y Z.Chinese sheep science. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2013.
赵有璋. 中国养羊学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013.
[15] Guo W J, Zhang Y, Li X M, et al.Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on growth performance and biochemical indexes of Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2017, 52(3): 1-5, 12.
郭武君, 张勇, 李晓梅, 等. 冷季放牧补饲对甘肃高山细毛羊生长性能和生化指标的影响. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2017, 52(3): 1-5, 12.
[16] Zhang Y, Guo W J, Li X M, et al.Growth curve model selection and growth curve analysis of Gansu alpine Merino lambs. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 45(9): 125-129.
张勇, 郭武君, 李晓梅, 等. 甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊生长曲线模型选择及生长曲线分析. 河南农业科学, 2016, 45(9): 125-129.
[17] Zhang C J, Li C, Zhang Y, et al.Evaluation of energy requirement in Gansu alpine Fine-Wool pregnant ewes. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(6): 168-175.
张昌吉, 李成, 张勇, 等. 甘肃高山细毛羊妊娠母羊营养需要量估测. 草业学报, 2017, 26(6): 168-175.
[18] Yang B.Study of feed balance in Qilian Mountain areas and precision management of sheep. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2012.
杨博. 祁连山牧区草畜平衡评价与绵羊精准管理技术体系研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2012.
[19] Yang B, Wu J P, Yang L, et al.Establishing precision management techniques for sheep and feed balance research in pastoral arae. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2012, 20(3): 589-596.
杨博, 吴建平, 杨联, 等. 牧区绵羊精准管理技术体系建立与草畜平衡研究. 草地学报, 2012, 20(3): 589-596.
[20] Wu J P, David M, David K, et al.Talking with China’s livestock herders: what was learnt about attitudes to new practices//Development of sustainable livestock systems on grasslands in north-western China. ACIAR Proceedings, 2011: 162-176.
[21] Feng Z C, Gao M.Improvement of ammonia nitrogen content in rumen by colorimetric method. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2010, (6): 40-41.
冯宗慈, 高民. 通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2010, (6): 40-41.
[22] Li Y, Hao Z L, Li F D, et al.Effect of different combinations of diet on rumen metabolic parameters of sheep. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 136-142.
李勇, 郝正里, 李发弟, 等. 不同组合饲粮对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数的影响. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 136-142.
[23] Zhang Y.Study on different nutritional level supplements feeding Gansu alpine Merino during lactation period. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.
张勇. 不同营养水平补饲料对泌乳期甘肃高山细毛羊的补饲研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
[24] Zhou R.Effects of dried oat hay content in diet on digestion and metabolism of nutrients, and microflora of rumen in sheep. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.
周瑞. 饲粮中燕麦干草含量对绵羊营养物质消化代谢及瘤胃微生物区系的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
[25] Muyzer G, de Waal E C, Uitterlinden A G. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1993, 59(3): 695-700.
[26] Wang H R.The effect of different forage to concentrate ratio and N sources on the population of sheep rumen cellulolytic microbes and fiber digestion. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2006.
王海荣. 不同日粮精粗比及氮源对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解菌群和纤维物质降解的影响. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2006.
[27] Zhang L, Sun C, Ye X, et al.Characterization of four heat-shock protein genes from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and demonstration of the inducible transcriptional activity of Hsp70 promoter. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2014, 40(1): 221-233.
[28] Zhao G Q, Jia Y H, Chen X L, et al.Effects of the ratio of NDF to NFE on ruminal internal environment parameters of the goats. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 42(13): 29-33.
赵国琦, 贾亚红, 陈小连, 等. 不同NDF/NFE比的日粮对山羊瘤胃发酵参数影响的研究. 中国畜牧杂志, 2006, 42(13): 29-33.
[29] Zhang J X, Liu J B, Xue B, et al.Forage to concentrate ratio: Effects on rumen fermentation in Nanjiang brown goats in vitro. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2013, 25(4): 870-877.
张建勋, 刘江波, 薛白, 等. 饲粮精粗比对南江黄羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(4): 870-877.
[30] Liu D C.Effect of different dietary forage quality and yeast culture on fermentation and populations of cellulolytic bacteria in the ruman of sheep. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2007.
刘大程. 不同品质粗饲料日粮及添加酵母培养物对绵羊瘤胃发酵及纤维分解菌的影响. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2007.
[31] Zhang T, Zhuang S, Dong W C, et al.Effects of different dietary concentrate to forage ratios on rumen fluid pH and VFA levels and blood VFA levels in dairy goats. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2013, (4): 5-10.
张腾, 庄苏, 董文超, 等. 不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA及血液VFA含量的影响. 畜牧与兽医, 2013, (4): 5-10.
[32] Liu M X.Digestive physiology of ruminants. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 1991.
刘敏雄. 反刍动物消化生理学. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 1991.
[33] Kang S, Wanapat M, Pakdee P, et al.Effects of energy level and Leucaena leucocephala, leaf meal as a protein source on rumen fermentation efficiency and digestibility in swamp buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012, 174(3/4): 131-139.
[34] Lu D X.Research methods and techniques of modern ruminant nutrition. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1991.
卢德勋. 现代反刍动物营养研究方法和技术. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1991.
[35] Zhang C J, Liu Z, Hao Z L, et al.Effect of complete pellet diets with different straws on parameters of rumen metabolism in sheep. Pratacultural Science, 2008, (1): 82-86.
张昌吉, 刘哲, 郝正里, 等. 含不同秸秆的全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数的影响. 草业科学, 2008, (1): 82-86.
[36] Wang Y Q, Yu L, Wang C M, et al.Effects of different dietary protein level on pH, NH₃-N and urea-N in gastrointestinal tract of Hu sheep. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2008, 40(3): 34-39.
王雅倩, 俞路, 王春梅, 等. 日粮蛋白质水平对湖羊胃肠道pH、氨态氮及尿素氮的影响. 畜牧与兽医, 2008, 40(3): 34-39.
[37] Zheng C.Effects of different processed diet and complete diet pellets with different combinations on metabolic parameters of rumen fluid and metabolism of sheep. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2004.
郑琛. 不同处理饲粮及不同组合全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃内环境和养分消化代谢的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2004.
[38] Liu Z.Effects of completed pellet diets with different straws on rumen metabolic parameters and nutrient digestion and metabolism in sheep. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2004.
刘哲. 含不同秸秆的全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数及营养物质消化代谢的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2004.
[39] Guo Y L.Effects of diets with pectin-feed or in different processing ways on growing performance, rumen and blood metabolic parameters of sheep. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2004.
郭艳丽. 含高果胶饲料及不同加工处理的饲粮对绵羊生产性能、瘤胃和血液代谢参数的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2004.
[40] Han S.Effect of fattening ways on rumen fermentation and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Hulunbeier sheep and cashmere goats. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2014.
韩帅. 育肥方式对呼伦贝尔羊和绒山羊瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物数量的影响. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2014.
[41] Grubb J A, Dehority B A.Effects of an abrupt change in ration from all roughage to high concentrate upon rumen microbial numbers in sheep. Applied Microbiology, 1975, 30(3): 404-412.
[42] Fernando S C, Najar F Z, Sukharnikov L O, et al.Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 76(22): 7482-7490.
[43] Tajima K, Aminov R I, Nagamine T, et al.Rumen bacterial diversity as determined by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1999, 29(2): 159-169.
[44] Feng Y L.Ruminant nutrition. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 2004.
冯仰廉. 反刍动物营养学. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 2004.