Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 99-109.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021394
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Ning-gang SAI(), Juan QI(), Yan-wei JIA, Mei-mei CHE, Juan-di YANG, Xiao-juan WANG, Chang-lin XU
Received:
2021-11-01
Revised:
2021-12-13
Online:
2022-10-20
Published:
2022-09-14
Contact:
Juan QI
Ning-gang SAI, Juan QI, Yan-wei JIA, Mei-mei CHE, Juan-di YANG, Xiao-juan WANG, Chang-lin XU. Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution under different land use patterns in the eastern Qilian Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(10): 99-109.
编号 Number | 来源 Source | 利用方式 Use pattern | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Elevation (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 宋家庄黑青稞地 Songjiazhuang highland barley land | 农田Farmland | 102°53′1″ | 37°8′56″ | 2708 |
2 | 宋家庄燕麦地 Songjiazhuang oat land | 农田Farmland | 102°53′1″ | 37°8′56″ | 2708 |
3 | 下南泥沟燕麦地 Xiananni ravine oat land | 农田Farmland | 102°49′20″ | 37°10′32″ | 2795 |
4 | 下南泥沟口 Xiananni mizoguchi | 其他Other | 102°49′20″ | 37°10′32″ | 2796 |
5 | 河谷麦宾草草地River valley Elymus tangutorum land | 草地Grassland | 102°46′55″ | 37°12′16″ | 2846 |
6 | 垂穗披碱草草地Elymus nutans land | 草地Grassland | 102°47′6″ | 37°13′42″ | 2847 |
7 | 河谷湿地 River valley wetland | 湿地Wetland | 102°46′58″ | 37°12′11″ | 2849 |
8 | 河谷 River valley | 其他Other | 102°47′00″ | 37°12′14″ | 2853 |
9 | 35年燕麦地 35 years oats land | 农田Farmland | 102°45′56″ | 37°12′44″ | 2867 |
10 | 35年燕麦地旁土壤 Land adjacent to 35 years oat land | 其他Other | 102°45′56″ | 37°12′44″ | 2867 |
11 | 溪水沟青稞地 Xishui ravine barley land | 农田Farmland | 102°45′49″ | 37°12′9″ | 2886 |
12 | 宋家庄多年生草地 Songjiazhuang perennial grassland | 草地Grassland | 102°45′49″ | 37°12′8″ | 2888 |
13 | 马营沟沟谷阶地 Mayinggou cheuch terrace | 草地Grassland | 102°4′46″ | 37°11′15″ | 2973 |
14 | 马营沟阳坡 Mayinggou sunny slope | 草地Grassland | 102°45′56″ | 37°11′18″ | 2978 |
15 | 马营沟河谷阶地 Mayinggou river valley terrace | 草地Grassland | 102°43′34″ | 37°10′35″ | 3050 |
16 | 代乾北山山前 Daiqian North mountain | 草地Grassland | 102°37′40″ | 37°14′57″ | 3087 |
Table 1 Overview of sample site
编号 Number | 来源 Source | 利用方式 Use pattern | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Elevation (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 宋家庄黑青稞地 Songjiazhuang highland barley land | 农田Farmland | 102°53′1″ | 37°8′56″ | 2708 |
2 | 宋家庄燕麦地 Songjiazhuang oat land | 农田Farmland | 102°53′1″ | 37°8′56″ | 2708 |
3 | 下南泥沟燕麦地 Xiananni ravine oat land | 农田Farmland | 102°49′20″ | 37°10′32″ | 2795 |
4 | 下南泥沟口 Xiananni mizoguchi | 其他Other | 102°49′20″ | 37°10′32″ | 2796 |
5 | 河谷麦宾草草地River valley Elymus tangutorum land | 草地Grassland | 102°46′55″ | 37°12′16″ | 2846 |
6 | 垂穗披碱草草地Elymus nutans land | 草地Grassland | 102°47′6″ | 37°13′42″ | 2847 |
7 | 河谷湿地 River valley wetland | 湿地Wetland | 102°46′58″ | 37°12′11″ | 2849 |
8 | 河谷 River valley | 其他Other | 102°47′00″ | 37°12′14″ | 2853 |
9 | 35年燕麦地 35 years oats land | 农田Farmland | 102°45′56″ | 37°12′44″ | 2867 |
10 | 35年燕麦地旁土壤 Land adjacent to 35 years oat land | 其他Other | 102°45′56″ | 37°12′44″ | 2867 |
11 | 溪水沟青稞地 Xishui ravine barley land | 农田Farmland | 102°45′49″ | 37°12′9″ | 2886 |
12 | 宋家庄多年生草地 Songjiazhuang perennial grassland | 草地Grassland | 102°45′49″ | 37°12′8″ | 2888 |
13 | 马营沟沟谷阶地 Mayinggou cheuch terrace | 草地Grassland | 102°4′46″ | 37°11′15″ | 2973 |
14 | 马营沟阳坡 Mayinggou sunny slope | 草地Grassland | 102°45′56″ | 37°11′18″ | 2978 |
15 | 马营沟河谷阶地 Mayinggou river valley terrace | 草地Grassland | 102°43′34″ | 37°10′35″ | 3050 |
16 | 代乾北山山前 Daiqian North mountain | 草地Grassland | 102°37′40″ | 37°14′57″ | 3087 |
范围Scope | Pi <1 | 1≤Pi <2 | 2≤Pi <3 | Pi≥3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
污染等级Pollution level | 清洁Clean | 轻度污染Light pollution | 中度污染Mederate pollution | 重度污染Severe pollution |
Table 2 Classification standards of single-factor pollution index
范围Scope | Pi <1 | 1≤Pi <2 | 2≤Pi <3 | Pi≥3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
污染等级Pollution level | 清洁Clean | 轻度污染Light pollution | 中度污染Mederate pollution | 重度污染Severe pollution |
土壤污染等级 Soil pollution level | 土壤综合污染指数 Comprehensive pollution index of soil | 污染水平 Pollution level |
---|---|---|
Ⅰ | PN ≤0.7 | 清洁Clean |
Ⅱ | 0.7<PN ≤1.0 | 尚清洁Just clean |
Ⅲ | 1.0<PN ≤2.0 | 轻度污染Light pollution |
Ⅳ | 2.0<PN ≤3.0 | 中度污染Moderate pollution |
Ⅴ | PN>3.0 | 重度污染Severe pollution |
Table 3 Classification standard of Nemero integrated pollution index
土壤污染等级 Soil pollution level | 土壤综合污染指数 Comprehensive pollution index of soil | 污染水平 Pollution level |
---|---|---|
Ⅰ | PN ≤0.7 | 清洁Clean |
Ⅱ | 0.7<PN ≤1.0 | 尚清洁Just clean |
Ⅲ | 1.0<PN ≤2.0 | 轻度污染Light pollution |
Ⅳ | 2.0<PN ≤3.0 | 中度污染Moderate pollution |
Ⅴ | PN>3.0 | 重度污染Severe pollution |
单项生态风险系数等级 Single ecological risk coefficient level | 得分 Score | 综合生态风险指数等级 Comprehensive ecological risk index level | 得分 Score |
---|---|---|---|
轻微 Slight | <40 | 低生态风险 Low ecological risk | <150 |
中等 Secondary | 40~80 | 中等生态风险 Medium ecological risk | 150~300 |
强 Strong | 80~160 | 高生态风险 High ecological risk | 300~600 |
很强 Very strong | 160~320 | 极高生态风险 Extremely high ecological risk | >600 |
极强 Extremely strong | >320 |
Table 4 Index of potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals
单项生态风险系数等级 Single ecological risk coefficient level | 得分 Score | 综合生态风险指数等级 Comprehensive ecological risk index level | 得分 Score |
---|---|---|---|
轻微 Slight | <40 | 低生态风险 Low ecological risk | <150 |
中等 Secondary | 40~80 | 中等生态风险 Medium ecological risk | 150~300 |
强 Strong | 80~160 | 高生态风险 High ecological risk | 300~600 |
很强 Very strong | 160~320 | 极高生态风险 Extremely high ecological risk | >600 |
极强 Extremely strong | >320 |
元素 Element | 最大值 Maximum (mg·kg-1) | 最小值 Minimum (mg·kg-1) | 均值 Mean (mg·kg-1) | 样本超率 Exceedance rate (%) | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 青藏高原背景值 Tibetan Plateau background value (mg·kg-1) | 中国背景值 China background value (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | 130.08 | 95.39 | 109.87 | 100 | 10 | 90.40 | 61.00 |
Cd | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 88 | 26 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Cu | 70.04 | 38.07 | 48.28 | 100 | 16 | 14.90 | 22.60 |
Zn | 215.95 | 173.26 | 196.67 | 100 | 5 | 64.50 | 74.20 |
Ni Pb | 96.18 86.93 | 62.90 56.13 | 74.28 62.06 | 100 100 | 14 12 | 28.40 25.80 | 26.90 26.00 |
Mn | 826.86 | 419.77 | 632.25 | 88 | 18 | 462.00 | 583.00 |
Table 5 Statistical parameters of soil heavy metal concentration
元素 Element | 最大值 Maximum (mg·kg-1) | 最小值 Minimum (mg·kg-1) | 均值 Mean (mg·kg-1) | 样本超率 Exceedance rate (%) | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 青藏高原背景值 Tibetan Plateau background value (mg·kg-1) | 中国背景值 China background value (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | 130.08 | 95.39 | 109.87 | 100 | 10 | 90.40 | 61.00 |
Cd | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 88 | 26 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Cu | 70.04 | 38.07 | 48.28 | 100 | 16 | 14.90 | 22.60 |
Zn | 215.95 | 173.26 | 196.67 | 100 | 5 | 64.50 | 74.20 |
Ni Pb | 96.18 86.93 | 62.90 56.13 | 74.28 62.06 | 100 100 | 14 12 | 28.40 25.80 | 26.90 26.00 |
Mn | 826.86 | 419.77 | 632.25 | 88 | 18 | 462.00 | 583.00 |
编号 Number | 单因子污染指数 Single factor pollution index (Pi) | 内梅罗污染综合指数 Nemero pollution comprehensive index (PN ) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | Cd | Cu | Zn | Ni | Pb | Mn | ||
1 | 1.34 | 2.29 | 4.70 | 3.11 | 2.61 | 3.37 | 1.22 | 3.82 |
2 | 1.44 | 2.15 | 3.92 | 3.12 | 2.88 | 2.33 | 1.79 | 3.29 |
3 | 1.24 | 0.88 | 3.20 | 2.95 | 2.24 | 2.28 | 1.67 | 2.69 |
4 | 1.28 | 1.55 | 2.87 | 2.94 | 3.39 | 2.25 | 1.34 | 2.87 |
5 | 1.15 | 1.48 | 3.00 | 3.03 | 2.36 | 2.30 | 1.24 | 2.60 |
6 | 1.06 | 1.25 | 3.19 | 3.35 | 2.32 | 2.28 | 1.54 | 2.81 |
7 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 2.56 | 2.95 | 2.62 | 2.18 | 1.00 | 2.49 |
8 | 1.12 | 1.78 | 3.38 | 2.69 | 2.42 | 2.39 | 1.43 | 2.84 |
9 | 1.33 | 1.69 | 3.40 | 3.12 | 2.89 | 2.66 | 1.54 | 2.93 |
10 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 3.26 | 3.09 | 2.31 | 2.27 | 1.54 | 2.76 |
11 | 1.06 | 1.44 | 2.96 | 3.11 | 2.32 | 2.31 | 1.06 | 2.75 |
12 | 1.41 | 1.56 | 3.14 | 3.14 | 3.10 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 2.76 |
13 | 1.27 | 1.94 | 3.03 | 2.91 | 2.21 | 2.37 | 1.37 | 2.63 |
14 | 1.08 | 1.43 | 2.63 | 3.02 | 2.64 | 2.31 | 1.11 | 2.57 |
15 | 1.18 | 1.93 | 3.25 | 3.21 | 2.46 | 2.60 | 0.91 | 2.78 |
16 | 1.18 | 0.96 | 3.37 | 3.04 | 3.07 | 2.25 | 1.56 | 2.85 |
Table 6 Single factor index and Nemero pollution index of soil heavy metals
编号 Number | 单因子污染指数 Single factor pollution index (Pi) | 内梅罗污染综合指数 Nemero pollution comprehensive index (PN ) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | Cd | Cu | Zn | Ni | Pb | Mn | ||
1 | 1.34 | 2.29 | 4.70 | 3.11 | 2.61 | 3.37 | 1.22 | 3.82 |
2 | 1.44 | 2.15 | 3.92 | 3.12 | 2.88 | 2.33 | 1.79 | 3.29 |
3 | 1.24 | 0.88 | 3.20 | 2.95 | 2.24 | 2.28 | 1.67 | 2.69 |
4 | 1.28 | 1.55 | 2.87 | 2.94 | 3.39 | 2.25 | 1.34 | 2.87 |
5 | 1.15 | 1.48 | 3.00 | 3.03 | 2.36 | 2.30 | 1.24 | 2.60 |
6 | 1.06 | 1.25 | 3.19 | 3.35 | 2.32 | 2.28 | 1.54 | 2.81 |
7 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 2.56 | 2.95 | 2.62 | 2.18 | 1.00 | 2.49 |
8 | 1.12 | 1.78 | 3.38 | 2.69 | 2.42 | 2.39 | 1.43 | 2.84 |
9 | 1.33 | 1.69 | 3.40 | 3.12 | 2.89 | 2.66 | 1.54 | 2.93 |
10 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 3.26 | 3.09 | 2.31 | 2.27 | 1.54 | 2.76 |
11 | 1.06 | 1.44 | 2.96 | 3.11 | 2.32 | 2.31 | 1.06 | 2.75 |
12 | 1.41 | 1.56 | 3.14 | 3.14 | 3.10 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 2.76 |
13 | 1.27 | 1.94 | 3.03 | 2.91 | 2.21 | 2.37 | 1.37 | 2.63 |
14 | 1.08 | 1.43 | 2.63 | 3.02 | 2.64 | 2.31 | 1.11 | 2.57 |
15 | 1.18 | 1.93 | 3.25 | 3.21 | 2.46 | 2.60 | 0.91 | 2.78 |
16 | 1.18 | 0.96 | 3.37 | 3.04 | 3.07 | 2.25 | 1.56 | 2.85 |
编号 Number | 单一重金属潜在生态风险系数 Potential ecological risk coefficient of a single heavy metal (Eir ) | 土壤综合潜在生态风险指数 Potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metals (RI) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | Cd | Cu | Zn | Ni | Pb | Mn | ||
1 | 2.69 | 68.75 | 23.50 | 3.11 | 13.04 | 16.85 | 1.22 | 129.15 |
2 | 2.88 | 64.53 | 19.58 | 3.12 | 14.38 | 11.65 | 1.79 | 117.92 |
3 | 2.49 | 26.41 | 15.98 | 2.95 | 11.22 | 11.40 | 1.67 | 72.12 |
4 | 2.55 | 46.41 | 14.35 | 2.94 | 16.93 | 11.27 | 1.34 | 95.79 |
5 | 2.30 | 44.53 | 14.98 | 3.03 | 11.80 | 11.49 | 1.24 | 89.38 |
6 | 2.11 | 37.50 | 15.94 | 3.35 | 11.58 | 11.42 | 1.54 | 83.43 |
7 | 2.13 | 30.47 | 12.78 | 2.95 | 13.08 | 10.88 | 1.00 | 73.29 |
8 | 2.24 | 53.44 | 16.89 | 2.69 | 12.12 | 11.94 | 1.43 | 100.75 |
9 | 2.67 | 50.78 | 17.00 | 3.12 | 14.44 | 13.28 | 1.54 | 102.82 |
10 | 2.49 | 37.66 | 16.32 | 3.09 | 11.57 | 11.37 | 1.54 | 84.03 |
11 | 2.12 | 43.28 | 14.81 | 3.11 | 11.61 | 11.53 | 1.06 | 87.51 |
12 | 2.81 | 46.72 | 15.68 | 3.14 | 15.50 | 11.74 | 1.59 | 97.18 |
13 | 2.54 | 58.28 | 15.17 | 2.91 | 11.07 | 11.86 | 1.37 | 103.21 |
14 | 2.15 | 42.97 | 13.16 | 3.02 | 13.18 | 11.53 | 1.11 | 87.13 |
15 | 2.36 | 57.97 | 16.26 | 3.21 | 12.32 | 12.98 | 0.91 | 106.01 |
16 | 2.36 | 28.75 | 16.83 | 3.04 | 15.37 | 11.26 | 1.56 | 79.18 |
Table 7 Soil heavy metal pollution coefficient and potential ecological risk coefficient
编号 Number | 单一重金属潜在生态风险系数 Potential ecological risk coefficient of a single heavy metal (Eir ) | 土壤综合潜在生态风险指数 Potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metals (RI) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | Cd | Cu | Zn | Ni | Pb | Mn | ||
1 | 2.69 | 68.75 | 23.50 | 3.11 | 13.04 | 16.85 | 1.22 | 129.15 |
2 | 2.88 | 64.53 | 19.58 | 3.12 | 14.38 | 11.65 | 1.79 | 117.92 |
3 | 2.49 | 26.41 | 15.98 | 2.95 | 11.22 | 11.40 | 1.67 | 72.12 |
4 | 2.55 | 46.41 | 14.35 | 2.94 | 16.93 | 11.27 | 1.34 | 95.79 |
5 | 2.30 | 44.53 | 14.98 | 3.03 | 11.80 | 11.49 | 1.24 | 89.38 |
6 | 2.11 | 37.50 | 15.94 | 3.35 | 11.58 | 11.42 | 1.54 | 83.43 |
7 | 2.13 | 30.47 | 12.78 | 2.95 | 13.08 | 10.88 | 1.00 | 73.29 |
8 | 2.24 | 53.44 | 16.89 | 2.69 | 12.12 | 11.94 | 1.43 | 100.75 |
9 | 2.67 | 50.78 | 17.00 | 3.12 | 14.44 | 13.28 | 1.54 | 102.82 |
10 | 2.49 | 37.66 | 16.32 | 3.09 | 11.57 | 11.37 | 1.54 | 84.03 |
11 | 2.12 | 43.28 | 14.81 | 3.11 | 11.61 | 11.53 | 1.06 | 87.51 |
12 | 2.81 | 46.72 | 15.68 | 3.14 | 15.50 | 11.74 | 1.59 | 97.18 |
13 | 2.54 | 58.28 | 15.17 | 2.91 | 11.07 | 11.86 | 1.37 | 103.21 |
14 | 2.15 | 42.97 | 13.16 | 3.02 | 13.18 | 11.53 | 1.11 | 87.13 |
15 | 2.36 | 57.97 | 16.26 | 3.21 | 12.32 | 12.98 | 0.91 | 106.01 |
16 | 2.36 | 28.75 | 16.83 | 3.04 | 15.37 | 11.26 | 1.56 | 79.18 |
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