Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 99-110.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021432
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Yin-jie YOU(), Hao-zhen ZHOU, Yao LIU, Chen-xi WANG, Zhong-li PENG()
Received:
2021-11-25
Revised:
2022-01-28
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-07-01
Contact:
Zhong-li PENG
Yin-jie YOU, Hao-zhen ZHOU, Yao LIU, Chen-xi WANG, Zhong-li PENG. Comparison of nutritional value of oat hay, oat silage and Sichuan pasture for yaks[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 99-110.
项目Item | 计算公式Formulate |
---|---|
总碳水化合物Carbohydrate (CHO, %DM) | 100-CP(%DM)-EE(%DM)-Ash(%DM) |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADL(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)-NDFIP(%CP)×0.01×CP(%DM)-NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADF(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO) |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | Starch(%NSC)×[100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | [100-Starch(%NSC)]×[100- CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA, %CP) | PA(%SOLP)×0.01×SOLP(%CP) |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1, %CP) | SOLP(%CP)-PA(%CP) |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2, %CP) | 100-PA(%CP)-PB1(%CP)-PB3(%CP)-PC(%CP) |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3, %CP) | NDFIP(%CP)-ADFIP(%CP) |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC, %CP) | ADFIP(%CP) |
Table 1 CNCPS component calculation formula
项目Item | 计算公式Formulate |
---|---|
总碳水化合物Carbohydrate (CHO, %DM) | 100-CP(%DM)-EE(%DM)-Ash(%DM) |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADL(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)-NDFIP(%CP)×0.01×CP(%DM)-NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADF(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO) |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | Starch(%NSC)×[100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | [100-Starch(%NSC)]×[100- CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA, %CP) | PA(%SOLP)×0.01×SOLP(%CP) |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1, %CP) | SOLP(%CP)-PA(%CP) |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2, %CP) | 100-PA(%CP)-PB1(%CP)-PB3(%CP)-PC(%CP) |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3, %CP) | NDFIP(%CP)-ADFIP(%CP) |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC, %CP) | ADFIP(%CP) |
项目 Item | 含量Content (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter (DM) | 97.06a | 96.15b | 95.04c | 0.06 | <0.001 |
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash) | 5.41b | 7.74a | 5.11c | 0.01 | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 1.33c | 2.57a | 2.08b | 0.04 | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 5.45c | 6.37b | 9.05a | 0.05 | <0.001 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 58.49c | 70.36a | 60.87b | 0.51 | <0.001 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 31.17c | 39.36a | 33.57b | 0.32 | <0.001 |
钙Ca | 0.52a | 0.37b | 0.57a | 0.02 | <0.001 |
磷P | 0.13b | 0.21a | 0.08b | 0.02 | 0.009 |
Table 2 Conventional nutrients of 3 kinds of forage grass (dry matter basis)
项目 Item | 含量Content (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter (DM) | 97.06a | 96.15b | 95.04c | 0.06 | <0.001 |
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash) | 5.41b | 7.74a | 5.11c | 0.01 | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 1.33c | 2.57a | 2.08b | 0.04 | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 5.45c | 6.37b | 9.05a | 0.05 | <0.001 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 58.49c | 70.36a | 60.87b | 0.51 | <0.001 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 31.17c | 39.36a | 33.57b | 0.32 | <0.001 |
钙Ca | 0.52a | 0.37b | 0.57a | 0.02 | <0.001 |
磷P | 0.13b | 0.21a | 0.08b | 0.02 | 0.009 |
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (ADL, %NDF) | 6.22a | 7.27a | 6.95a | 0.32 | 0.206 |
非蛋白氮None-protein nitrogen (PA, %SP) | 40.46a | 82.34a | 39.68a | 16.55 | 0.261 |
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein (SP, %CP) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
中性洗涤不溶蛋白Neutral detergent fiber insoluble protein (NDFIP, %CP) | 51.70a | 32.76c | 43.27b | 1.32 | 0.005 |
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白Acid detergent fiber insoluble protein (ADFIP, %CP) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
淀粉Starch (%NSC) | 56.42b | 76.30a | 76.51a | 3.86 | 0.054 |
Table 3 CNCPS components of the 3 kinds of roughage for yak
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (ADL, %NDF) | 6.22a | 7.27a | 6.95a | 0.32 | 0.206 |
非蛋白氮None-protein nitrogen (PA, %SP) | 40.46a | 82.34a | 39.68a | 16.55 | 0.261 |
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein (SP, %CP) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
中性洗涤不溶蛋白Neutral detergent fiber insoluble protein (NDFIP, %CP) | 51.70a | 32.76c | 43.27b | 1.32 | 0.005 |
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白Acid detergent fiber insoluble protein (ADFIP, %CP) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
淀粉Starch (%NSC) | 56.42b | 76.30a | 76.51a | 3.86 | 0.054 |
项目 Item | 含量Content | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
总碳水化合物Carbohydrates (CHO, %DM) | 87.78a | 83.34b | 83.81b | 0.12 | <0.001 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | 15.97a | 4.44b | 7.61b | 1.11 | 0.011 |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | 20.84b | 14.24b | 24.71a | 1.62 | 0.044 |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 53.29a | 15.24b | 55.63a | 1.22 | 0.008 |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 9.91b | 16.24a | 12.06b | 0.52 | 0.017 |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 36.81a | 17.24c | 32.32b | 0.85 | 0.001 |
Table 4 Carbohydrate content calculated based on CNCPS components
项目 Item | 含量Content | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
总碳水化合物Carbohydrates (CHO, %DM) | 87.78a | 83.34b | 83.81b | 0.12 | <0.001 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | 15.97a | 4.44b | 7.61b | 1.11 | 0.011 |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | 20.84b | 14.24b | 24.71a | 1.62 | 0.044 |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 53.29a | 15.24b | 55.63a | 1.22 | 0.008 |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 9.91b | 16.24a | 12.06b | 0.52 | 0.017 |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 36.81a | 17.24c | 32.32b | 0.85 | 0.001 |
项目 Item | 含量Content (%CP) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1) | 10.63a | 7.70a | 16.23a | 3.23 | 0.307 |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2) | 30.73a | 23.39b | 29.80ab | 1.45 | 0.067 |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3) | 17.31a | 7.80b | 22.91a | 1.71 | 0.019 |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
Table 5 Protein content calculated based on CNCPS components
项目 Item | 含量Content (%CP) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1) | 10.63a | 7.70a | 16.23a | 3.23 | 0.307 |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2) | 30.73a | 23.39b | 29.80ab | 1.45 | 0.067 |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3) | 17.31a | 7.80b | 22.91a | 1.71 | 0.019 |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
项目 Item | 养分表观消化率Apparent nutrient digestibility (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter | 77.54a | 58.05c | 76.14b | 0.03 | <0.01 |
有机物Organic matter | 78.34a | 58.32c | 76.85b | 0.12 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 76.46b | 66.67c | 79.34a | 0.39 | <0.01 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 73.73a | 61.66b | 76.11a | 0.72 | <0.01 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 56.39b | 39.29c | 68.92a | 1.30 | 0.001 |
Table 6 Apparent nutrient digestibility of 3 kinds of forage
项目 Item | 养分表观消化率Apparent nutrient digestibility (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter | 77.54a | 58.05c | 76.14b | 0.03 | <0.01 |
有机物Organic matter | 78.34a | 58.32c | 76.85b | 0.12 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 76.46b | 66.67c | 79.34a | 0.39 | <0.01 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 73.73a | 61.66b | 76.11a | 0.72 | <0.01 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 56.39b | 39.29c | 68.92a | 1.30 | 0.001 |
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA, mmol· L-1) | 61.78a | 48.80ab | 45.24b | 4.53 | 0.090 |
乙酸Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 46.32a | 36.23ab | 32.55b | 3.60 | 0.081 |
丙酸Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 9.82a | 8.29a | 7.13a | 0.79 | 0.130 |
异丁酸Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.42b | 0.65ab | 0.81a | 0.10 | 0.079 |
丁酸Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 4.55a | 2.65c | 3.46b | 0.16 | <0.010 |
异戊酸Isovaleric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.48b | 0.81a | 1.07a | 0.09 | 0.009 |
戊酸Valeric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.19a | 0.17a | 0.23a | 0.02 | 0.120 |
氨态氮NH3-N (mg·dL-1) | 1.35c | 6.36b | 9.23a | 0.42 | <0.010 |
微生物蛋白Microbial crude protein (MCP, g·L-1) | 0.78b | 1.86a | 1.80a | 0.20 | 0.015 |
Table 7 Rumen degradation parameters of the 3 kinds of forages
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA, mmol· L-1) | 61.78a | 48.80ab | 45.24b | 4.53 | 0.090 |
乙酸Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 46.32a | 36.23ab | 32.55b | 3.60 | 0.081 |
丙酸Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 9.82a | 8.29a | 7.13a | 0.79 | 0.130 |
异丁酸Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.42b | 0.65ab | 0.81a | 0.10 | 0.079 |
丁酸Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 4.55a | 2.65c | 3.46b | 0.16 | <0.010 |
异戊酸Isovaleric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.48b | 0.81a | 1.07a | 0.09 | 0.009 |
戊酸Valeric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.19a | 0.17a | 0.23a | 0.02 | 0.120 |
氨态氮NH3-N (mg·dL-1) | 1.35c | 6.36b | 9.23a | 0.42 | <0.010 |
微生物蛋白Microbial crude protein (MCP, g·L-1) | 0.78b | 1.86a | 1.80a | 0.20 | 0.015 |
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质降解率Dry matter digestibility (DMD, %) | 55.49a | 44.54b | 50.48a | 1.22 | 0.018 |
中性洗涤纤维降解率Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %) | 47.15a | 40.21a | 43.96a | 1.94 | 0.180 |
酸性洗涤纤维降解率Acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %) | 39.48a | 31.55a | 36.01a | 2.32 | 0.182 |
pH | 6.59a | 6.46a | 6.92a | 0.21 | 0.330 |
Table 8 In vitro digestibility and pH of 3 kinds of forage
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质降解率Dry matter digestibility (DMD, %) | 55.49a | 44.54b | 50.48a | 1.22 | 0.018 |
中性洗涤纤维降解率Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %) | 47.15a | 40.21a | 43.96a | 1.94 | 0.180 |
酸性洗涤纤维降解率Acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %) | 39.48a | 31.55a | 36.01a | 2.32 | 0.182 |
pH | 6.59a | 6.46a | 6.92a | 0.21 | 0.330 |
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