Comprehensive evaluation of silage maize hybrids in the Huanghuaihai plain based on mega-environments delineated using envirotyping techniques

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023187

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of global climate change， understanding the climate variables that are most strongly associated with environmental kinships can be useful for selecting hybrids that are better suited to growth in environments with large climatic variations. The main goal of this study was to integrate envirotyping techniques （ET） with a genotype-by-yield×trait （GYT） biplot experiment to evaluate the adaptability， productivity， and stability of silage maize （Zea mays） genotypes growing on the Huanghuaihai plain in China. We used ET and meteorological data from 2002 to 2021 to classify the 12 trial sites in a regional trial of silage maize into mega-environments （MEs）. Genotype-by-trait （GT） biplot and GYT biplot experiments were conducted to evaluate 15 silage maize hybrids in the Huanghuaihai National Trial in 2022 in terms of their dry yield， dry matter content， growth period， plant height， ear height， lodging rate， discount rate， empty ear rate， whole plant starch content， neutral detergent fiber content， acid detergent fiber content， and crude protein content. The incidence of common smut， stalk rot， southern leaf blight， curvular leaf spot， and southern corn rust in the 15 silage maize hybrids was also recorded. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analyses indicated that the studied agronomic traits were highly significantly （P<0.01） affected by genotype and environment， and the genotype×environment interaction effect reached highly significant levels for all the traits except ear height. Considering 20 years of climate information and 19 environmental covariables， we identi?ed four MEs in the Huanghuaihai plain region； i.e.， the ME analysis grouped locations that share similar long-term weather patterns. Correlation analyses showed that dry yield was significantly and positively correlated with plant height and ear height and negatively correlated with lodging rate and discount rate. The GYT biplot analysis combined with MEs identified the promising genotypes in different MEs. Among the evaluated genotypes， Yudan805 showed outstandingly high yields and good stability in the four MEs， and was the most promising genotype across the four MEs. Wannongkeqingzhu8， Chengdan3601， Zhengda511， and Hengyu1996 showed good productivity and stability in ME₂， ME₃， and ME₄. Genotypes such as Ankeqing2 and KNX2202 were less productive in ME₁ and ME₄， and Jincheng6 was less productive and stable in ME₂ and ME₃. The combination of ET to delineate MEs and the GYT biplot method to evaluate the mean performance and stability of the 15 tested genotypes revealed the overall performance of the different genotypes across a range of environments. These results provide a theoretical basis for integrated multi-trait evaluation of silage maize genotypes growing on the Huanghuaihai plain.

Key words: silage maize hybrid, mega-environment, genotype-environment interaction, climatic variables, genotype by yield×trait biplot

Hai-wang YUE, Jian-wei WEI, Guang-cai WANG, Peng-cheng LIU, Shu-ping CHEN, Jun-zhou BU. Comprehensive evaluation of silage maize hybrids in the Huanghuaihai plain based on mega-environments delineated using envirotyping techniques[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 120-138.

Figures/Tables 14

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品种名称 Hybrid name	品种缩写Hybrid abbreviation	供种单位 Institution of seed supply
成单3601 Chengdan3601	CD3601	四川省农业科学院作物研究所Crop Research Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
皖农科青贮8号 Wannongkeqingzhu8	WNKQZ8	安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所Institute of Tobacco Research， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
渝单805 Yudan805	YD805	重庆市农业科学院Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
雅玉7758 Yayu7758	YY7758	四川雅玉科技股份有限公司Sichuan Yayu Technology Co.， Ltd.
SN8872	SN8872	山东农业大学Shandong Agricultural University
青秀001 Qingxiu001	QX001	绵阳市农业科学研究院Mianyang Institute of Agricultural Science
正大511 Zhengda511	ZD511	襄阳正大农业开发有限公司Xiangyang Zhengda Agricultural Development Co.， Ltd.
郑青贮7号 Zhengqingzhu7	ZQZ7	河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所Institute of Grain Crops， Henan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences
泓丰159 Hongfeng159	HF159	北京新实泓丰种业有限公司Beijing Xinshi Hongfeng Seed Co.， Ltd.
连青贮303 Lianqingzhu303	LQZ303	连云港市农业科学院Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
安科青2号 Ankeqing2	AKQ2	安徽科技学院Anhui Science and Technology University
金诚6 Jincheng6	JC6	河南金苑种业股份有限公司Henan Jinyuan Seed Co.， Ltd.
衡玉1996 Hengyu1996	HY1996	河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所Dryland Farming Institute， Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
KNX22002	KNX22002	湖北省康农生物育种研究院Hubei Kangnong Biological Breeding Research Institute
雅玉青贮8号Yayuqingzhu8	YYQZ8	四川雅玉科技股份有限公司Sichuan Yayu Technology Co.， Ltd.

品种名称 Hybrid name	品种缩写Hybrid abbreviation	供种单位 Institution of seed supply
成单3601 Chengdan3601	CD3601	四川省农业科学院作物研究所Crop Research Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
皖农科青贮8号 Wannongkeqingzhu8	WNKQZ8	安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所Institute of Tobacco Research， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
渝单805 Yudan805	YD805	重庆市农业科学院Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
雅玉7758 Yayu7758	YY7758	四川雅玉科技股份有限公司Sichuan Yayu Technology Co.， Ltd.
SN8872	SN8872	山东农业大学Shandong Agricultural University
青秀001 Qingxiu001	QX001	绵阳市农业科学研究院Mianyang Institute of Agricultural Science
正大511 Zhengda511	ZD511	襄阳正大农业开发有限公司Xiangyang Zhengda Agricultural Development Co.， Ltd.
郑青贮7号 Zhengqingzhu7	ZQZ7	河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所Institute of Grain Crops， Henan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences
泓丰159 Hongfeng159	HF159	北京新实泓丰种业有限公司Beijing Xinshi Hongfeng Seed Co.， Ltd.
连青贮303 Lianqingzhu303	LQZ303	连云港市农业科学院Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
安科青2号 Ankeqing2	AKQ2	安徽科技学院Anhui Science and Technology University
金诚6 Jincheng6	JC6	河南金苑种业股份有限公司Henan Jinyuan Seed Co.， Ltd.
衡玉1996 Hengyu1996	HY1996	河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所Dryland Farming Institute， Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
KNX22002	KNX22002	湖北省康农生物育种研究院Hubei Kangnong Biological Breeding Research Institute
雅玉青贮8号Yayuqingzhu8	YYQZ8	四川雅玉科技股份有限公司Sichuan Yayu Technology Co.， Ltd.

省份 Province	试点 Location	纬度 Latitude （N，°）	经度 Longitude （E，°）	海拔 Altitude （m）
安徽Anhui	合肥Hefei	32.87	117.56	25
安徽Anhui	宿州Suzhou	33.70	117.08	29
河北Hebei	邯郸Handan	36.49	114.54	55
河南Henan	郑州Zhengzhou	34.79	113.68	52
河南Henan	濮阳Puyang	35.76	115.04	56
江苏Jiangsu	连云港Lianyungang	34.54	119.21	7
陕西Shaanxi	杨凌Yangling	34.27	108.08	465
陕西Shaanxi	富平Fuping	34.75	109.17	388
陕西Shaanxi	宝鸡Baoji	34.37	107.20	837
山东Shandong	德州Dezhou	37.68	116.81	23
山东Shandong	嘉祥Jiaxiang	35.36	116.40	36
山东Shandong	泰安Taian	36.20	117.09	147

省份 Province	试点 Location	纬度 Latitude （N，°）	经度 Longitude （E，°）	海拔 Altitude （m）
安徽Anhui	合肥Hefei	32.87	117.56	25
安徽Anhui	宿州Suzhou	33.70	117.08	29
河北Hebei	邯郸Handan	36.49	114.54	55
河南Henan	郑州Zhengzhou	34.79	113.68	52
河南Henan	濮阳Puyang	35.76	115.04	56
江苏Jiangsu	连云港Lianyungang	34.54	119.21	7
陕西Shaanxi	杨凌Yangling	34.27	108.08	465
陕西Shaanxi	富平Fuping	34.75	109.17	388
陕西Shaanxi	宝鸡Baoji	34.37	107.20	837
山东Shandong	德州Dezhou	37.68	116.81	23
山东Shandong	嘉祥Jiaxiang	35.36	116.40	36
山东Shandong	泰安Taian	36.20	117.09	147

来源Source	协变量名称Environmental covariables name	单位Unit
NASA POWER^a	水平面太阳辐射量Insolation incident on a horizontal surface （ALLSKY_SFC_SW_DWN）	MJ·m^-2·d^-1
	向下热红外（长波）辐射通量Downward thermal infrared （longwave） radiative flux （ALLSKY_SFC_LW_DWN）	MJ·m^-2·d^-1
	地外辐射量Extraterrestrial radiation （RTA）	MJ·m^-2·d^-1
	离地2 m处的风速Wind speed at 2 m above the surface of the earth （WS2M）	m·s^-1
	离地2 m处的最低温度Minimum air temperature at 2?m above the surface of the earth （T2M_MIN）	℃·d^-1
	离地2 m处的平均温度Average air temperature at 2 m?above the surface of the earth （T2M）	℃·d^-1
	离地2 m处的最高温度Maximum air temperature at 2?m above the surface of the earth （T2M_MAX）	℃·d^-1
	离地2 m处的露点温度Dew-point temperature at 2 m above the surface of the earth （T2MDEW）	℃·d^-1
	离地2 m处的相对湿度Relative air humidity at 2 m above the surface of the earth （RH2M）	%
	降水量Precipitation （PRECTOT）	mm·d^-1
Calculated^b	离地2 m处的温度区间Temperature range at 2 m above the surface of the earth （T2M_RANGE）	℃·d^-1
	潜在蒸散量Potential evapotranspiration （ETP）	mm·d^-1
	降水亏缺Deficit by precipitation （PEPT）	mm·d^-1
	饱和水汽压差Vapor pressure deficit （VPD）	kPa·℃·d^-1
	饱和蒸汽压曲线斜率Slope of saturation vapor pressure curve （SPV）	kPa·℃·d^-1
	温度对辐射利用效率的影响Effect of temperature on radiation-use efficiency （FRUE）	0~1
	生长度日Growing degree day （GDD）	℃·d^-1
	实际日照时间Actual duration of sunshine （n）	h
	白昼时间Daylight hours （N）	h