Abstract: The aim of this research was to observe external morphology of Urtica angustifolia seed and detect seed vitality under different conditions. The wild U. angustifolia seeds were incubated at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, or 35℃, with 50, 100, 300, or 500 mg/L gibberellin, and with seed soaking in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 35% sodium hydroxide for different times. The length and width of U. angustifolia seeds were 958.72 and 534.85 μm. U. angustifolia seed vitality of those harvested in 2008 was 83.25%. U. angustifolia seed was yellow-gray, and the 1 000-seed weight was 0.104 5 g. The optimum germination temperature for U. angustifolia seeds was 25℃, which gave a germination rate of 42.67%. The seed germination rate was enhanced by soaking in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 5 min and 35% sodium hydroxide for 15 min, but gibberellin had no effect on germination rate.