Abstract: Wetland is one of the most important living environments and is an ecological landscape with the most abundant biodiversity in the world. Recently, with rapid development of society and economy, as well as over-exploitation and irrational utilization to wetland resources, the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem has suffered grievous disturbance and destruction. This has limited the social economy to sustainable development so it is very important and urgent to protect and restore wetlands. The community characteristics of the Tuohu wetland in the Anhui provincial nature reserve were analyzed using the methods of participatory rural appraisal (PRA), biodiversity investigation, TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination, the environment situation, plant biodiversity. 1) The Tuohu wetland ecological environment had obviously degenerated; 2) The aquatic community structure, of Potamogeton crispus, appeared to be simple; 3) There were three rare and endangered plant species in the nature reserve, i.e. Nelumbo adans, Glycine soja, and Trapa incise. The results of DCA ordination both tested and verified the results of the TWINSPAN classification, and the ordinate and abscissa of DCA ordination indicated the gradient variety of habitat associations. Based on the characters of the water body and aquatic ecological system, some suggestions for policy & rule of law, technology solutions, conservation strategies, and development mode were addressed in this paper.