Abstract: Stipa breviflora is the constructive species in desert steppe and plays an important role in grazing use and stabilizing desert grassland ecosystems. The characteristic of S. beviflora leaf structure with drought resistance can provide a good reference for grassland species. S. beviflora leaves from eight sites were paraffin wax sectioned and double-stained, then observed with an OLYMPUS CX41 microscope, and imaged by a CANON DS16275 digital camera. The area, thickness and density of corneum, vascular bundle, vascular catheter cavity of the main vein, palisade tissue, leaves, epidermal cells, and leaf trichomes were calculated with ArcGis. Six indicators (corneum thickness/leaf thickness, vascular area/leaf area, palisade tissue thickness/leaf thickness, the area of main vein vascular bundle catheter cavity/ mainvascular bundle, epidermal cell density and trichome density of leaf-like structures) from the eight sites were selected for CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) with climate data and the relationship between leaf structure and environmental factors was analyzed using Pearson analysis. Finally, the correlation between two similarity matrixes of leaf structure and genetics was calculated by a Mantel test. 1) The leaf structure of S. reviflora showed typical drought resistance; 2) Temperature was the dominant environmental factor for the differentiation structure of S. beviflora leaves, with moisture second; 3) There were significant correlations between the ratios of vascular area within leaf area, the main vascular bundle with the vascular bundle and annual mean temperature and the ratio of vascular area within leaf area and annual mean precipitation; 4) There was no significant correlation between two similarity matrixes of leaf structure and genetics.