Effects of incorporated and mulched tree branches on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the desertified soil and root of alfalfa in arid areas

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022248

Abstract

Abstract:

Desertification is one of the main land degradation processes in arid and semiarid areas globally. However， there is an abundant supply of woody organic materials， from ecological shelterbelts， farmland shelterbelts， and urban forests which can provide raw materials for amendments for soil restoration in these areas. Trimmed poplar （Populus alba） branches available in Ningxia were used for amendment materials in this study. Four amendment treatments （with five replicates） were set up： Wood chip mulch （M）， wood chip incorporation （W）， wood chip incorporation with branch cover （WB） and zero addition （CK）. Then， soil physio-chemical properties， enzyme activities， aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa， and arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi colonization rate were determined. Meanwhile， the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to measure AM fungal community structure both in soil and roots. Finally， data were analyzed to identify the key driving factors which affect AM fungi colonization and community structure. It was found that all branch amendments improved soil properties and increased the aboveground biomass of alfalfa. Compared with CK， the WB treatment generated the best enhancement effect. Moreover， the WB treatment also significantly increased the colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）， and increased clump abundance， hyphal abundance， vesicle abundance， and soil spore number （P<0.05）. Also， compared with CK， the WB treatment significantly increased the Chao1 and ACE indexes of AM fungi in the root （P<0.05）， although there were no differences among treatments for α-diversity of AM fungi in soil （P>0.05）. In addition， non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） and permutational MANOVA （PERMANOVA） analyses indicated that the WB treatment induced a significant soil and root AM fungal community structure response （P<0.05）. Additionally， correlation analysis and distance-based redundancy analysis （dbRDA） indicated that colonization and community structure of AM fungi were closely correlated with soil properties and alfalfa above-ground biomass. Furthermore， above-ground biomass of alfalfa and inorganic nitrogen were identified as the mutual and key factors affecting AM fungal community both in soil and root. In all， WB substantially improved soil properties and accelerating colonization and activity of AM fungi， so these results provide a scientific basis for promoting the use of forest residues for the improvement and restoration of desertified soil in arid and semi-arid areas.

Key words: tree branches, soil amendment, AM fungal colonization, AM fungal community structure, arid and semi-arid areas

Bo WANG, Ru ZHANG, Jing LIU, Zhi-gang LI. Effects of incorporated and mulched tree branches on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the desertified soil and root of alfalfa in arid areas[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(2): 15-25.

Figures/Tables 7

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苜蓿生物量与土壤性质Alfalfa biomass and soil property	CK	M	W	WB
紫花苜蓿地上生物量Alfalfa biomass （g·m^-2）	227.48±28.70c	519.88±17.94a	363.25±11.51b	403.42±23.54b
土壤水分Soil water content （%）	5.74±0.26b	7.83±1.01ab	5.63±0.07b	8.57±0.98a
酸碱度pH	8.84±0.05a	8.74±0.04ab	8.68±0.07ab	8.60±0.04b
有机碳Soil organic carbon （g·kg^-1）	5.69±0.28b	5.76±0.26b	7.98±0.99a	9.01±0.42a
全氮Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	0.39±0.01b	0.45±0.02a	0.47±0.01a	0.48±0.01a
无机氮Inorganic nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	9.66±0.36d	15.59±0.86c	23.25±0.86b	26.70±1.41a
全磷Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	0.021±0.005b	0.039±0.005ab	0.055±0.007a	0.043±0.007a
速效磷Available phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	1.61±0.38b	3.04±0.38a	4.27±0.52a	3.38±0.56a
脲酶Urease （mg·g^-1· h^-1）	10.75±3.19b	14.35±1.92ab	16.14±2.34ab	18.60±1.56a
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase （μmol·g^-1· h^-1）	1.57±0.23c	2.93±0.26c	4.41±0.46b	7.43±0.76a
蔗糖酶Sucrase （mg·g^-1· h^-1）	0.37±0.11b	0.55±0.08b	1.53±0.53ab	2.89±0.84a
过氧化氢酶Catalase （μmol·g^-1·20 min^-1）	60.85±0.32a	60.36±0.27a	60.26±0.61a	59.86±0.36a

苜蓿生物量与土壤性质Alfalfa biomass and soil property	CK	M	W	WB
紫花苜蓿地上生物量Alfalfa biomass （g·m^-2）	227.48±28.70c	519.88±17.94a	363.25±11.51b	403.42±23.54b
土壤水分Soil water content （%）	5.74±0.26b	7.83±1.01ab	5.63±0.07b	8.57±0.98a
酸碱度pH	8.84±0.05a	8.74±0.04ab	8.68±0.07ab	8.60±0.04b
有机碳Soil organic carbon （g·kg^-1）	5.69±0.28b	5.76±0.26b	7.98±0.99a	9.01±0.42a
全氮Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	0.39±0.01b	0.45±0.02a	0.47±0.01a	0.48±0.01a
无机氮Inorganic nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	9.66±0.36d	15.59±0.86c	23.25±0.86b	26.70±1.41a
全磷Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	0.021±0.005b	0.039±0.005ab	0.055±0.007a	0.043±0.007a
速效磷Available phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	1.61±0.38b	3.04±0.38a	4.27±0.52a	3.38±0.56a
脲酶Urease （mg·g^-1· h^-1）	10.75±3.19b	14.35±1.92ab	16.14±2.34ab	18.60±1.56a
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase （μmol·g^-1· h^-1）	1.57±0.23c	2.93±0.26c	4.41±0.46b	7.43±0.76a
蔗糖酶Sucrase （mg·g^-1· h^-1）	0.37±0.11b	0.55±0.08b	1.53±0.53ab	2.89±0.84a
过氧化氢酶Catalase （μmol·g^-1·20 min^-1）	60.85±0.32a	60.36±0.27a	60.26±0.61a	59.86±0.36a

材料Materials	处理Treatment	Chao1指数Chao1 index	ACE指数ACE index	辛普森指数Simpson	香农指数Shannon
土壤Soil	CK	519.72±119.23a	519.94±118.80a	0.88±0.09a	5.52±0.93a
	M	694.30±145.83a	694.76±145.06a	0.97±0.08a	6.53±0.50a
	W	704.32±115.57a	704.51±114.30a	0.95±0.03a	6.33±0.38a
	WB	534.05±102.44a	536.20±101.53a	0.98±0.00a	6.55±0.31a
根系Root	CK	334.33±54.89b	335.85±54.84b	0.85±0.07a	4.89±0.80a
	M	301.03±26.20b	303.75±26.69b	0.58±0.15a	2.83±0.68a
	W	384.08±18.83ab	387.99±20.26ab	0.83±0.08a	4.69±0.61a
	WB	528.13±85.14a	532.65±88.48a	0.87±0.04a	5.04±0.72a

材料Materials	处理Treatment	Chao1指数Chao1 index	ACE指数ACE index	辛普森指数Simpson	香农指数Shannon
土壤Soil	CK	519.72±119.23a	519.94±118.80a	0.88±0.09a	5.52±0.93a
	M	694.30±145.83a	694.76±145.06a	0.97±0.08a	6.53±0.50a
	W	704.32±115.57a	704.51±114.30a	0.95±0.03a	6.33±0.38a
	WB	534.05±102.44a	536.20±101.53a	0.98±0.00a	6.55±0.31a
根系Root	CK	334.33±54.89b	335.85±54.84b	0.85±0.07a	4.89±0.80a
	M	301.03±26.20b	303.75±26.69b	0.58±0.15a	2.83±0.68a
	W	384.08±18.83ab	387.99±20.26ab	0.83±0.08a	4.69±0.61a
	WB	528.13±85.14a	532.65±88.48a	0.87±0.04a	5.04±0.72a

苜蓿生物量与土壤性质 Alfalfa biomass and soil property	土壤Soil				根系Root
苜蓿生物量与土壤性质 Alfalfa biomass and soil property	Chao1	ACE	Simpson	Shannon	Chao1	ACE	Simpson	Shannon
苜蓿地上生物量Alfalfa biomass	0.290	0.292	0.405	0.307	0.022	0.027	-0.203	-0.194
土壤水分Soil water content	-0.443	-0.441	0.075	-0.119	0.098	0.092	-0.442	-0.369
酸碱度pH	0.006	0.003	-0.150	-0.071	-0.215	-0.211	-0.193	-0.104
有机碳Soil organic carbon	-0.315	-0.315	0.189	-0.016	0.357	0.351	0.311	0.216
全氮Total nitrogen	0.035	0.041	0.206	0.191	0.330	0.331	0.110	0.035
无机氮Inorganic nitrogen	0.042	0.044	0.260	0.228	0.592**	0.592**	0.155	0.202
全磷Total phosphorus	0.014	0.015	0.366	0.217	0.232	0.232	-0.101	-0.069
速效磷Available phosphorus	0.144	0.147	0.356	0.341	0.392	0.396	-0.048	0.083
脲酶Urease	-0.241	-0.245	-0.138	-0.235	0.199	0.200	-0.087	-0.097
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	-0.112	-0.107	0.220	0.110	0.524*	0.516*	0.024	0.040
蔗糖酶Sucrase	0.206	0.201	0.274	0.371	0.494*	0.492*	0.243	0.284
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.404	0.391	0.230	0.320	-0.073	-0.066	0.265	0.283