Comparison of production performance and winter survival rate of different fall dormancy alfalfa varieties

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018335

Abstract

Abstract: Selection for fall dormancy in alfalfa can impact other traits such as hay yield, nutritive value, re-growth rate, stem leaf ratio, plant height and winter survival rate. The objective of this study was to identify the optimum alfalfa varieties for cultivation in Hohhot area. A total of eight alfalfa varieties (Caoyuan No.3, Zhongmu No.2, Caribou, Gold empress, Sanditi, Sardi, WL525, WL903) were planted in a regional test field. The experiment used a randomized block design and the eight cultivars were mowed at the early flowering stage in 2015, 2016, and 2017. In order to select the optimal alfalfa varieties, forage yield and nutrient composition, including dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined and the relative feed value (RFV) was calculated. The results showed that the winter survival rate of Zhongmu No.2, Caoyuan No.3, and Caribou all exceeded 95%. Together with Gold empress, the four varieties had significantly higher survival rates than the others (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between fall dormancy and winter survival rate (-0.984; P<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between fall dormancy and hay yield (P>0.05). The highest hay yield was obtained from Zhongmu No.2 in 2015. The hay yield of Zhongmu No.2 and Gold empress were significantly higher than the other varieties (P<0.05) and Caribou and WL525 had a relative low yield in 2016. In 2017, the top three varieties in hay yield were Zhongmu No.2, Gold empress and Caoyuan No.3. Moreover, the crude protein content of Caoyuan No.3 and Zhongmu No.2 were both greater than 20%. And Zhongmu No.2 had the lowest acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents, as well as the highest relative feed value. According to subordinate function value analysis, Zhongmu No.2, Gold empress and Caoyuan No.3 were the optimum alfalfa varieties. In summary, fall dormancy of alfalfa had no significant effect on alfalfa production performance such as hay yield and nutritive value, but was significantly negative correlated with winter survival rate. Our study showed that Zhongmu No.2, Gold empress and Caoyuan No.3 had greater performance than the others in hay yield, winter surviving and nutrition quality, and they were the optimum alfalfa varieties for planting in Hohhot area of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: fall dormancy, alfalfa, varieties test, hay yield, nutritive value, winter surviving rate

WANG Xiao-long, LI Hong, MI Fu-gui, YU Jie, WANG Xue-ting, MENG Kai, JIA Zhen-yu, WANG Quan-zhen. Comparison of production performance and winter survival rate of different fall dormancy alfalfa varieties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 82-92.

References

[1] Cao H, Zhang H L, Gai Q H, et al. Test and comprehensive assessment on performance of 22 alfalfa varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.
曹宏, 章会玲, 盖琼辉, 等. 22个紫花苜蓿品种的引种试验和生产性能综合评价. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.
[2] Yu H, Yao J H, Liu R, et al. Comprehensive evaluation on forage yield, nutrition quality and winter surviving rate of different alfalfa varieties. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2010, 32(3): 108-111.
于辉, 姚江华, 刘荣, 等. 四个紫花苜蓿品种草产量、营养品质及越冬率的综合评价. 中国草地学报, 2010, 32(3): 108-111.
[3] Xiong J B, Tian H, Zhang H S, et al. Comparative study on production performance of 10 different fall dormancy alfalfa varieties in Wuhan area. Hubei Agricultural Science, 2016, 55(22): 5582-5585.
熊军波, 田宏, 张鹤山, 等. 十个不同休眠等级紫花苜蓿在武汉地区的生产性能比较. 湖北农业科学, 2016, 55(22): 5582-5585.
[4] Liu Z Y.Evaluation of fall dormancy rating among different alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars and effect mechanisms of fall dormancy on winter survival rate. Hohhot: Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017.
刘志英. 不同苜蓿品种秋眠级评定及其对越冬率的影响机理. 呼和浩特: 中国农业科学研究院草原研究所, 2017.
[5] Fang S S, Sun Q Z, Yan Y F, et al. Preliminary assessment of fall dormancy in 45 alfalfa cultivars. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(11): 247-255.
方珊珊, 孙启忠, 闫亚飞, 等. 45个苜蓿品种秋眠级初步评定. 草业学报, 2015, 24(11): 247-255.
[6] Lu X S, Shen Y L.The study and utilization fall dormancy of alfalfa. Grassland and Turf, 1991, (4): 1-4.
卢欣石, 申玉龙. 苜蓿秋眠性研究与利用. 草原与草坪, 1991, (4): 1-4.
[7] Zhang L Y.Forage analysis and the measurement technique of feed quality. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2012: 48-76.
张丽英. 饲草分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2012: 48-76.
[8] Tian H, Xiong H Q, Xiong J B, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the production performance of 14 silage maize varieties by principal component analysis and subordinate function method. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2015, 37(2): 249-259.
田宏, 熊海谦, 熊军波, 等. 采用主成分分析和隶属函数法综合评价14份青贮玉米品种的生产性能. 江西农业大学学报, 2015, 37(2): 249-259.
[9] Lu X S.The study on fall-dormancy of officially approved alfalfa cultivars in China. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 1998, 20(3): 1-5.
卢欣石. 中国苜蓿审定品种秋眠性研究. 中国草地, 1998, 20(3): 1-5.
[10] Brouwer D, Duke S, Osborn T.Mapping genetic factors associated with winter hardiness, fall growth, and freezing injury in autotetraploid alfalfa. Crop Science, 2000, 40: 1387-1396.
[11] Brummer E, Moore K, Bjork N.Agronomic consequences of dormant-non dormant alfalfa mixtures. Agronomy Journal, 2002, 94: 782-785.
[12] Shi J A, Liu Y H, Jia Z K, et al. Relationship between the above ground dry matter accumulation of alfalfa and the effective accumulation temperature in the first cutting. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(8): 81-86.
史纪安, 刘玉华, 贾志宽, 等. 紫花苜蓿第1茬地上部干物质生长过程与有效积温的关系. 草业科学, 2009, 26(8): 81-86.
[13] Gao T, Sun Q Z, Wang C, et al. Effect of harvesting time in fall on productivity of different dormancy alfalfa varieties. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2017, 39(1): 27-34.
高婷, 孙启忠, 王川, 等. 秋季刈割时期对不同秋眠性苜蓿品种生产性能的影响. 中国草地学报, 2017, 39(1): 27-34.
[14] Wang C Z, Xu X Y, Yang Y X, et al. Study on the introduction of different alfalfa varieties. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2002, 30(3): 29-31.
王成章, 许向阳, 杨雨鑫, 等. 不同紫花苜蓿品种引种试验研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30(3): 29-31.
[15] Malinowski D, Pinchak W, Kramp B, et al. Supplemental irrigation and fall dormancy effects on alfalfa productivity in a semiarid, subtropical climate with a bimodal precipitation pattern. Agronomy Journal, 2007, 199: 621-629.
[16] Rimi F, Macolino S, Leinauer B, et al. Alfalfa yield and morphology of three fall-dormancy categories harvested at two phenological stages in a subtropical climate. Agronomy Journal, 2010, 102: 1578-1585.
[17] Ventroni L M, Volenec J J, Cangiano C A.Fall dormancy and cutting frequency impact on alfalfa yield and yield components. Field Crops Research, 2010, 119: 252-259.
[18] Wang C, Ma B L, Yan X, et al. Yields of alfalfa varieties with different fall-dormancy levels in a temperate environment. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101: 1146-1152.
[19] Lü X D, Wang J G, Bai Y C, et al. Comprehensive evaluation on nutrition value of 11 introduced alfalfa varieties in Inner Mongolia. Grassland and Turf, 2013, 33(3): 21-25.
吕小东, 王建光, 白音仓, 等. 内蒙古引进的11个国外苜蓿品种营养价值的灰色评价. 草原与草坪, 2013, 33(3): 21-25.
[20] Zhang J H, Wang Y R, Yu L, et al. Evaluation on yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa varieties. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(10): 1837-1844.
张建华, 王彦荣, 余玲, 等. 紫花苜蓿品种间产量性状评价. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(10): 1837-1844.
[21] He Y, Huo W Y, Zhang H T, et al. Study on nutritional value and influencing factors of alfalfa. Journal of Anhui Agricutural Sciences, 2007, 35(11): 3243-3244.
何云, 霍文颖, 张海棠, 等. 紫花苜蓿的营养价值及其影响因素. 安徽农业科学, 2007, 35(11): 3243-3244.
[22] Xiao Y Z, Yu J, Meng K, et al. Comparison of production performance of different alfalfa varieties in Tumed region. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(4): 65-70.
肖燕子, 于洁, 孟凯, 等. 土默特地区不同苜蓿品种生产性能的比较. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(4): 65-70.
[23] Niu X P, Hu T M, Yang P Z, et al. Comparative researches on the production performance of 22 alfalfa varieties from home and abroad. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(5): 34-39.
牛小平, 呼天明, 杨培志, 等. 22个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 34(5): 34-49.
[24] Wang C Z, Han J F, Shi Y H, et al. Production performance in alfalfa with different classes of fall dormancy. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(1): 133-141.
王成章, 韩锦峰, 史莹华, 等. 不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种的生产性能研究. 作物学报, 2008, 34(1): 133-141.
[25] Sun W B, Ma H L, Hou X Y, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of production performance and nutritional value of 20 alfalfa cultivars in two ecological areas of Gansu province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.
孙万斌, 马晖玲, 侯向阳, 等. 20个紫花苜蓿品种在甘肃两个地区的生产性能及营养价值综合评价. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 161-174.
[26] Zheng M N, Liang X Z, Han Z S, et al. Productivity and nutritional value of 28 alfalfa varieties in the Yanmenguan area of Shanxi Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(5): 97-108.
郑敏娜, 梁秀芝, 韩志顺, 等. 不同苜蓿品种在雁门关地区的生产性能和营养价值研究. 草业学报, 2018, 27(5): 97-108.
[27] Yang X L, Liu S H, Liu W B, et al. Comparison test of yield and quality of lucern varieties. Acta Shandong Agricultural and Engineering University, 2017, 34(1): 25-27.
杨向黎, 刘素慧, 刘文宝, 等. 不同苜蓿品种产量和品质对比试验. 山东农业工程学院学报, 2017, 34(1): 25-27.
[28] Sun J P, Zhang Z H, Dong K H.Production performance comparison of different alfalfa varieties in north Shanxi. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(11): 2300-2305.
孙建平, 张志华, 董宽虎. 晋北地区不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较. 草业科学, 2016, 33(11): 2300-2305.