Effects of water and fertilizer saving techniques on soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities under two different seasons with contrasting rainfall patterns

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019508

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water and fertilizer saving technologies on soil nutrient and enzyme activities in a rapeseed crop. Six cultivation treatments including local cultivation (CK), water-saving cultivation Ⅰ (straw mulching), water-saving cultivation Ⅱ (furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting), fertilizer-saving cultivation (slow release fertilizer), and water and fertilizer-saving cultivation Ⅰ (straw mulching+slow release fertilizer), and water and fertilizer-saving cultivation Ⅱ (furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting+slow release fertilizer) were included in the present study. The effects of water and fertilizer saving technologies on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of rapeseed in different growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns (2016-2017, a rainy year; and 2017-2018, a dry season) were compared and analyzed. It was found that the influence of raininess on rapeseed growth was greater than that of seasonal drought. Water and fertilizer-saving cultivation increased yield significantly in the wet growing season and didn’t reduce yield in the dry year. In both wet and dry growing seasons, water and fertilizer-saving cultivation improved soil pH and organic matter content, reduced soil nitrogen leaching loss, and maintained a steady release of available nutrients. Additional benefits were delayed urease release, increased soil alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and cellulase activities, improved fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil fertility retention, all of which are conducive to environmental protection. Water-saving or fertilizer-saving technology alone could not fully support rapeseed production in this experiment. In summary, the combined use of straw mulching, furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting and slow-release fertilizer technologies benefited rapeseed production both in wet and dry years, and reduced negative environmental effects of cropping, so as to achieve the win-win outcome of simultaneously increasing crop yield and environmental protection.

Key words: precipitation, rapeseed, water and fertilizer saving, straw mulch, ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting, soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity

FENG Jun, SHI Chao, MEN Sheng-nan, Hafiz Athar Hussain, KE Jian-hong, Linna Cholidah, CHEN Jin-fen, GUO Xin, WU Hai-yan, RAN Tai-lin, XIANG Xin-hua, WANG Long-chang. Effects of water and fertilizer saving techniques on soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities under two different seasons with contrasting rainfall patterns[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 51-62.

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