Effects of alternative fertilizer options on soil CO2 emission and carbon pool management index in a dryland soil

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020226

Abstract

Abstract:

In 2015， the Ministry of Agriculture in China announced a ‘zero increase action plan’ for national fertilizer use， to be implemented by 2020， with the aim of reducing the environmental costs associated with food production. This ‘zero increase’ plan highlights the need to adopt reasonable fertilizer policies with organic materials to alleviate the environmental problems （e.g.， global warming， air pollution， and eutrophication）. Hence， this research aimed to clarify the influence of various fertilization options on soil CO₂ emission and carbon pool management index under different fertilization options. Collection of such data is an essential component of research on carbon sequestration and carbon emission reduction and is also necessary to identify best fertilization practice in unirrigated farming on the Loess Plateau. A long-term field experiment with five fertilization treatments in the Longzhong Loess Plateau was set up in 2012. Fertilization treatments included no fertilizer （CK）， nitrogen fertilizer （NF）， organic fertilizer （OM）， straw （ST）， and organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer （OMNF）. The annual soil CO₂ emissions， crop carbon emission efficiency （CEE） and carbon pool management index （CPMI） were analyzed in 2018， and the relationships between relevant factors ［soil temperature， moisture content， microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen （MBC， MBN）， readily oxidizable organic carbon （ROOC）， urease and invertase for the soil depth of 0-30 cm］ and soil CO₂ flux were determined by the structural equation model （SEM）. It was found that： 1） Compared with CK， ST， OMNF and OM treatments increased the soil CO₂ flux by 42.72%， 30.82% and 29.79%， respectively， while ST and OM treatments increased the soil CO₂ emission by 36.35%， 32.45%（P<0.05）， respectively， and OMNF reduced carbon emission efficiency by 41.10% （P<0.05）. 2） The OM treatment significantly increased the soil ROOC， MBC， MBN， invertase activity and CPMI in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Compared with CK and NF， the OMNF treatment significantly increased the soil CPMI （0-30 cm） by 127.41% and 99.33% （P<0.05）， respectively. 3） SEM showed that the environmental factors explained in total 53% of soil CO₂ flux， and the factors that had the largest cumulative effect were soil temperature （2.36）， microbial biomass carbon （1.59） and soil moisture content （1.18）. These three factors also indirectly affected soil CO₂ flux. Higher soil temperature promoted increased MBC and invertase activity， and increased MBC further enhanced the rate of change of MBN and ROOC. Overall， OMNF was found to be a sustainable and effective management practice to improve CPMI， maintain microbial activity， increase crop yield， and at the same time also reduce CEE in dryland farming on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: dry land soil, CO₂ emission, crop carbon emission efficiency, carbon pool management index, fertilization options

Xiao-jiao WANG, Li-qun CAI, Peng QI, Ya-zhi Wang, Xiao-long CHEN, Jun Wu, Ren-zhi ZHANG. Effects of alternative fertilizer options on soil CO₂ emission and carbon pool management index in a dryland soil[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(2): 32-45.

Figures/Tables 7

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处理 Treatments	籽粒产量 Grain yield （kg·hm^-2）	土壤CO₂-C排放量Carbon emission （CE, kg C·hm^-2）			全年CEE Annual carbon emission efficiency
处理 Treatments	籽粒产量 Grain yield （kg·hm^-2）	生育期Growing period	休闲期Non-growing period	全年Year	全年CEE Annual carbon emission efficiency
CK	4382.32±428.18c	4505.41±471.55c	1911.74±86.22a	6417.14±507.28c	1.46±0.86a
NF	11017.54±885.65a	5966.94±776.66b	2034.76±120.79a	8001.70±548.89b	0.73±0.56b
OM	6281.99±485.22b	6292.70±693.68a	2207.19±209.52a	8499.89±919.94a	1.35±0.14a
ST	5931.64±827.06bc	6332.46±399.71a	2417.15±899.43a	8749.62±834.11a	1.49±0.18a
OMNF	9695.02±973.22a	5941.44±766.57b	2236.04±67.78a	8177.48±820.31ab	0.86±0.18b

处理 Treatments	籽粒产量 Grain yield （kg·hm^-2）	土壤CO₂-C排放量Carbon emission （CE, kg C·hm^-2）			全年CEE Annual carbon emission efficiency
处理 Treatments	籽粒产量 Grain yield （kg·hm^-2）	生育期Growing period	休闲期Non-growing period	全年Year	全年CEE Annual carbon emission efficiency
CK	4382.32±428.18c	4505.41±471.55c	1911.74±86.22a	6417.14±507.28c	1.46±0.86a
NF	11017.54±885.65a	5966.94±776.66b	2034.76±120.79a	8001.70±548.89b	0.73±0.56b
OM	6281.99±485.22b	6292.70±693.68a	2207.19±209.52a	8499.89±919.94a	1.35±0.14a
ST	5931.64±827.06bc	6332.46±399.71a	2417.15±899.43a	8749.62±834.11a	1.49±0.18a
OMNF	9695.02±973.22a	5941.44±766.57b	2236.04±67.78a	8177.48±820.31ab	0.86±0.18b

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库活度 A	碳库活度指数 AI	碳库指数 CPI	碳库管理指数 CPMI （%）	土壤碳素效率 SCE （%）
0~5	ST	0.39a	1.78a	1.25a	223.07a	27.90a
	OM	0.38a	1.75a	1.21a	212.08a	27.53b
	OMNF	0.40a	1.84a	1.16b	212.61a	28.57b
	NF	0.32b	1.49b	1.15b	171.77b	24.46c
	CK	0.22c	1.00c	1.00c	100.00c	16.40d
5~10	ST	0.38a	1.83ab	1.19a	217.33a	27.35a
	OM	0.38a	1.84a	1.16a	217.18a	27.55a
	OMNF	0.39a	1.91a	1.14a	217.53a	28.24a
	NF	0.29b	1.39b	1.13a	157.49b	22.28b
	CK	0.21c	1.00c	1.00b	100.00c	17.10c
10~30	ST	0.38a	1.91a	1.24a	236.36b	27.05b
	OM	0.38a	1.95a	1.21ab	235.76b	27.68b
	OMNF	0.45a	2.28a	1.19bc	271.08a	30.91a
	NF	0.20b	1.01b	1.18cd	117.69c	16.36c
	CK	0.20b	1.00b	1.00d	100.00c	16.40c
0~30	ST	0.37a	1.87a	1.17a	218.14b	27.24b
	OM	0.38a	1.90a	1.19a	225.30a	27.64a
	OMNF	0.43a	2.13a	1.07a	227.41a	29.98a
	NF	0.23b	1.15b	1.11a	128.08c	18.85c
	CK	0.20b	1.00b	1.00b	100.00d	16.77d

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库活度 A	碳库活度指数 AI	碳库指数 CPI	碳库管理指数 CPMI （%）	土壤碳素效率 SCE （%）
0~5	ST	0.39a	1.78a	1.25a	223.07a	27.90a
	OM	0.38a	1.75a	1.21a	212.08a	27.53b
	OMNF	0.40a	1.84a	1.16b	212.61a	28.57b
	NF	0.32b	1.49b	1.15b	171.77b	24.46c
	CK	0.22c	1.00c	1.00c	100.00c	16.40d
5~10	ST	0.38a	1.83ab	1.19a	217.33a	27.35a
	OM	0.38a	1.84a	1.16a	217.18a	27.55a
	OMNF	0.39a	1.91a	1.14a	217.53a	28.24a
	NF	0.29b	1.39b	1.13a	157.49b	22.28b
	CK	0.21c	1.00c	1.00b	100.00c	17.10c
10~30	ST	0.38a	1.91a	1.24a	236.36b	27.05b
	OM	0.38a	1.95a	1.21ab	235.76b	27.68b
	OMNF	0.45a	2.28a	1.19bc	271.08a	30.91a
	NF	0.20b	1.01b	1.18cd	117.69c	16.36c
	CK	0.20b	1.00b	1.00d	100.00c	16.40c
0~30	ST	0.37a	1.87a	1.17a	218.14b	27.24b
	OM	0.38a	1.90a	1.19a	225.30a	27.64a
	OMNF	0.43a	2.13a	1.07a	227.41a	29.98a
	NF	0.23b	1.15b	1.11a	128.08c	18.85c
	CK	0.20b	1.00b	1.00b	100.00d	16.77d

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Effects of alternative fertilizer options on soil CO₂ emission and carbon pool management index in a dryland soil

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