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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 77-89.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023064

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Prediction of shear strength of root-containing soil by a back-propagation neural network optimized with the fireworks algorithm

Jun-lin LIU1(), Yong HAO1(), Chun-yan LIU2, Yan SHAO1, Lang DING1   

  1. 1.College of Urban Construction,Yangtzu University,Jingzhou 434000,China
    2.College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Yangtzu University,Jingzhou 434000,China
  • Received:2023-03-02 Revised:2023-05-04 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-10-18
  • Contact: Yong HAO

Abstract:

There are various problems with using a back propagation (BP) neural network model to predict the shear strength of root-containing soil, such as low prediction accuracy, a slow calculation convergence rate, and a tendency to generate local extreme values. In this study, we analyzed the influence of different factors on the shear strength of root-bearing soil through direct shear tests, agglomeration tests, root fractal analysis, and other tests, and carried out correlation analyses for each factor. Six factors affecting the shear strength of root-bearing soil, namely the proportion of large aggregates (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), fractal dimension of soil (Dd), root surface area, and root average diameter were selected as input layer nodes for the model, while the shear strength of root-bearing soil was selected as the output layer node. The FangfaGorman theory formula, Kolmogorov theory formula, and an empirical formula were applied in the model. The optimal number of hidden layer nodes in the neural network was determined to be 13. A BP neural network model of 6∶13∶1 was established, and the fireworks algorithm (FWA) was introduced to optimize the BP neural network. The maximum relative errors of the predicted value and the expected value determined using the BP neural network, BP neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO), and FWA-BP neural network were 11.12%, 9.06%, and 7.44%, respectively, and the average relative errors were 4.60%, 3.24%, and 1.96%, respectively. Compared with the BP neural network and the PSO-BP neural network, the FWA-BP neural network had a smaller prediction error. For the FWA-BP neural network, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values were 0.779353, 0.625993, and 5.6679%, respectively, all of which were lower than their corresponding values for the other network models. Thus, the FWA-BP neural network shows greater adaptability and will be superior to the other models in practical applications.

Key words: artificial neural network, root-bearing soils, shear strength, fireworks algorithm