Seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus co-application enhances productivity of Festuca kryloviana cv. Huanhu

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023069

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of post-harvest fertilization on the herbage yield of Festuca kryloviana cv.Huanhu in the following year， this research investigated the forage and seed yields and fertilizer utilization efficiency of 5-year-old F. kryloviana cv. Huanhu under autumn and spring fertilization in 2018-2019. The experiment included eight treatment combinations with two nitrogen levels （0 and 60 kg·ha^-1， designated N₀ and N₆₀） and four phosphorus levels （0， 60， 75， 90 kg·ha^-1， designated P₀， P₆₀， P₇₅， and P₉₀， respectively）. Agronomic traits， including plant height， stem diameter， the number of reproductive shoot， aboveground biomass and seed yield were measured. It was found that： 1） Nitrogen fertilizer application in both autumn and spring increased the aboveground biomass and seed yield， with increases of over 62.79% and 12.58%， respectively. However， autumn fertilization tended to stimulate the reproductive shoot and maintain seed production， while spring fertilization tended to promote herbage accumulation. Nitrogen application in autumn increased the seed yield by 37.38%-73.99%， compared to spring application. Nitrogen application in spring compared to autumn increased the aboveground biomass by 6.47%-51.19%. 2） Nitrogen fertilizer promoted production of 5-year-old F. kryloviana cv. Huanhu more than P fertilizer. The increase in plant height， number of reproductive shoots， aboveground biomass， and seed yield due to nitrogen application was 20.24%， 19.10%， 133.94%， and 89.66%， respectively. Single phosphorus fertilizer application decreased plant height and number of reproductive shoots by 3.12% and 3.79%， respectively. Due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on seed production， the highest seed yield （233.19 kg·ha^-1） occurred at the N₆₀P₇₅ treatment， under autumn fertilization. 3） Analysis of fertilizer utilization efficiency for aboveground biomass and seed yield showed that there was no seasonal difference in partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer （P>0.05）. The impact of nitrogen fertilizer partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency on seed yield was 1.37 and 2.74 times greater for autumn than spring fertilization. Regardless of whether nitrogen was applied in spring or autumn， the largest fertilizer partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency values were observed in the treatment with nitrogen only. With increasing phosphorus application， the fertilizer utilization efficiency showed a decreasing trend at the same nitrogen level. 4） The correlation coefficient between the number of reproductive shoots and seed yield remained above 0.809 （P<0.01）， and the linear equations fitted the relationships between the number of reproductive shoots and seed yield， seed yield and aboveground biomass， and plant height and aboveground biomass well. In summary， to maximize the aboveground biomass， fertilizer use efficiency and seed yield of the long-lived F. kryloviana cv. Huanhu， the use of nitrogen fertilizer was more important than the use of P fertilizer.

Key words: fertilization season, alpine region, phenotypic traits, fertilizer use efficiency

Zheng-hai SHI, Wen-hui LIU, Yong-chao ZHANG, Yan QIN, Wen-bo MI, Feng LUO, Man LIU, Hui-fang QI. Seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus co-application enhances productivity of Festuca kryloviana cv. Huanhu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(1): 149-158.

Figures/Tables 8

References 36

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因子 Factors	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter	生殖枝数 Reproductive shoot	种子产量 Seed yield	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass
施肥季节S	50.423**	2.692ns	187.555**	181.939**	19.063**
氮肥N	343.196**	2.929ns	443.136**	688.804**	310.564**
磷肥P	16.583**	0.697ns	35.682**	9.166**	2.846ns
S×N	0.726ns	4.644ns	214.888**	177.010**	0.087ns
S×P	1.929ns	0.196ns	16.736**	2.620ns	4.461**
N×P	39.483**	2.153ns	23.332**	10.213**	0.375ns
S×N×P	6.006**	0.510ns	14.327**	2.482ns	4.926**

因子 Factors	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter	生殖枝数 Reproductive shoot	种子产量 Seed yield	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass
施肥季节S	50.423**	2.692ns	187.555**	181.939**	19.063**
氮肥N	343.196**	2.929ns	443.136**	688.804**	310.564**
磷肥P	16.583**	0.697ns	35.682**	9.166**	2.846ns
S×N	0.726ns	4.644ns	214.888**	177.010**	0.087ns
S×P	1.929ns	0.196ns	16.736**	2.620ns	4.461**
N×P	39.483**	2.153ns	23.332**	10.213**	0.375ns
S×N×P	6.006**	0.510ns	14.327**	2.482ns	4.926**

因子 Factors	肥料偏生产力Partial productivity		农学效率Agronomic efficiency
因子 Factors	地上生物量Aboveground biomass	种子产量Seed yield	地上生物量Aboveground biomass	种子产量Seed yield
施肥季节S	6.522*	245.588**	6.522*	245.588**
氮肥N	4.057ns	31.680**	58.703**	685.955**
磷肥P	85.666**	780.266**	30.734**	59.526**
S×N	0.287ns	119.418**	0.287ns	119.418**
S×P	6.823*	10.784**	6.823*	10.784**
N×P	3.639*	14.995**	0.884ns	13.808**
S×N×P	2.967ns	0.605ns	2.967ns	0.605ns

因子 Factors	肥料偏生产力Partial productivity		农学效率Agronomic efficiency
因子 Factors	地上生物量Aboveground biomass	种子产量Seed yield	地上生物量Aboveground biomass	种子产量Seed yield
施肥季节S	6.522*	245.588**	6.522*	245.588**
氮肥N	4.057ns	31.680**	58.703**	685.955**
磷肥P	85.666**	780.266**	30.734**	59.526**
S×N	0.287ns	119.418**	0.287ns	119.418**
S×P	6.823*	10.784**	6.823*	10.784**
N×P	3.639*	14.995**	0.884ns	13.808**
S×N×P	2.967ns	0.605ns	2.967ns	0.605ns

施肥季节 Fertilization season	性状 Traits	种子产量 Seed yield	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter
春季Spring	地上生物量Aboveground biomass	0.588**
	株高Plant height	0.736**	0.584**
	茎粗Stem diameter	-0.097	-0.465**	0.011
	生殖枝数Reproductive shoot	0.826**	0.427**	0.581**	0.052
秋季Autumn	地上生物量Aboveground biomass	0.868**
	株高Plant height	0.852**	0.782**
	茎粗Stem diameter	-0.052	-0.038	0.165
	生殖枝数Reproductive shoot	0.809**	0.701**	0.689**	0.027