宁夏荒漠草原不同群落生物多样性与生物量关系及影响因子分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb2014438

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过测定生物多样性各指标、地上-地下生物量、枯落物量、土壤理化因子以及土壤微生物量碳氮,研究了自然状态下荒漠草原6种群落生物多样性与生物量的关系及其影响因子。结果表明:荒漠草原不同群落丰富度、均匀度与多样性指数变化趋势一致;地上生物量与地下生物量呈指数关系,表明荒漠草原群落呈异速生长模式;生物多样性与地上生物量呈单峰曲线,与地下生物量呈线性关系,初步表明荒漠草原不同群落地上部分种间作用、资源利用程度基本一致,生物多样性抑制了地上生物量,但并没有抑制其地下生物量;地表枯落物与地下生物量呈极显著的线性相关关系(P<0.01),初步表明了地下生物量更加依赖于地表枯落物。相关分析表明,荒漠草原生物多样性指数和生物量影响因子存在明显差异,自然条件下土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮以及有效养分对地下生物量贡献较大,土壤含水量和有机碳对地上生物量贡献较大,土壤微生物量碳和氮对群落多样性指数贡献较大。

Abstract: Impact factors and relationships between plant biodiversity and biomass of different communities of desert steppe in an unmodified condition were determined using biodiversity indices, soil physical and chemical factors and assessment of aboveground and underground biomass. The results showed that species richness and diversity varied similarly in different communities. Exponential relationships between aboveground biomass and underground biomass showed that the desert steppe community displayed allometric growth patterns. The response of community richness to aboveground biomass was unimodal, while that to underground biomass was linear. Underground biomass was positively correlated with surface litter. Soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nutrients also contributed to underground biomass while soil moisture and soil organic carbon greatly contributed to aboveground biomass. Soil microbial biomass, soil carbon and nitrogen had a significant influence on community diversity indices.

杨阳, 刘秉儒. 宁夏荒漠草原不同群落生物多样性与生物量关系及影响因子分析[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 48-57.

YANG Yang, LIU Bing-Ru. Impact factors and relationships between biodiversity and biomass of different communities in the desert steppe of Ningxia, China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 48-57.

参考文献

[1] Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, et al . Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:Current knowledge and future challenges. Science, 2001, 294: 804-808.
[2] Cardinale B J, Srivastava D S, Duffy J E, et al . Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature, 2006, 443(7114): 989-992.
[3] Hector A, Bagchi R. Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature, 2007, 448(7150): 188-190.
[4] Hooper D U, Chapin Iii F S, Ewel J J, et al . Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs, 2005, 75(1): 3-35.
[5] Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J M H. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature, 2006, 441(7093): 629-632.
[6] Ives A R, Carpenter S R. Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science, 2007, 317(5834): 58-62.
[7] Condit R, Pitman N, Leigh Jr E G, et al . Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science, 2002, 295(5555): 666-669.
[8] Worm B, Barbier E B, Beaumont N, et al . Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science, 2006, 314(5800): 787-790.
[9] Tilman D,Downing J A. Biodiversity and Stability in grasslands. Nature, 1994, 367: 363-365.
[10] Tilman D, Wedln D, Knops J. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature, 1996, 379: 718-720.
[11] Tilman D. Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecology, 1997, 78(1): 81-92.
[12] Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J, et al . Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science, 2001, 294(5543): 843-845.
[13] Wang C T, Long R J, Ding L M, et al . The effects of differences in functional group diversity and composition on plant community productivity in four types of alpine meadow communities. Biodiversity Science, 2004, 12(4): 403-409.
[14] Yang Y H, Rao S, Hu H F. Plant species richness of alpine grasslands in relation to environmental factors and biomass on the Tibetan Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 2004, 12(1): 200-205.
[15] Leibold M A. Biodiversity and nutrient enrichment in pond plankton communities. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 1999, 1(1): 73-95.
[16] Guo Q, Berry W L. Species richness and biomass: dissection of the hump-shaped relationships. Ecology, 1998, 79(7): 2555-2559.
[17] Declerck S, Vandekerkhove J, Johansson L, et al . Multi-group biodiversity in shallow lakes along gradients of phosphorus and water plant cover. Ecology, 2005, 86(7): 1905-1915.
[18] Thiele-Bruhn S, Beck I C. Effects of sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics on soil microbial activity and microbial biomass. Chemosphere, 2005, 59(4): 457-465.
[19] Hooper D U, Bignell D E, Brown V K, et al . Interactions between Aboveground and Belowground Biodiversity in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Feedbacks: We assess the evidence for correlation between aboveground and belowground diversity and conclude that a variety of mechanisms could lead to positive, negative, or no relationship-depending on the strength and type of interactions among specie. Biology Science, 2000, 50(12): 1049-1061.
[20] Alward R D, Detling J K, Milchunas D G. Grassland vegetation changes and nocturnal global warming. Science, 1999, 283: 229-231.
[21] Yang Y, Liu B R, Song N P, et al . The effect of planted Caragana density on the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in desert steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 107-115.
[22] Wang X, Song N P, Yang X G. Redundancy analysis of soil and vegetation of recovered grassland on abandoned land in the desert steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 90-97.
[23] Fang K, Song N P, Wei L, et al . The effect of different grazing systems on aboveground biomass and interspecific relationships in desert steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(5): 12-22.
[24] Wang X, Song N P, Yang X G, et al . The response of grassland and plant diversity to soil factors under grazing disturbance. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(5): 27-36.
[25] Mu S J, Li J L, Yang H F, et al . Spatio-temporal variation analysis of grassland net primary productivity and its relationship with climate over the past 10 years in Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculture Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 6-15.
[26] An H, Yang X G, Liu B R, et al . Changes of plant community biomass and nutrients during the vegetation succession on abandoned cultivated land in desert steppe. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(12): 3145-3149.
[27] Peng S L, Lu H F. Some key points of restoration ecology. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(7): 1249-1257.
[28] Petchey O L, McPhearson P T, Casey T M, et al . Environmental warming alters food-web structure and ecosystem function. Nature, 1999, 402(6757): 69-72.
[29] Ma W H, Fang J Y. R:S ratios of temperate steppe and the environmental controls in Inner Mongolia. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2006, 42: 774-778.
[30] Enquist B J, Niklas K J. Global allocation rules for pattern s of biomass partitioning in seed plants. Science, 2002, (295): 1517-1520.
[31] Wang M, Su Y Z, Yang R, et al . Allocation patterns of above- and belowground biomass in desert grassland in the middle reaches of Heihe River, Gansu Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 209-219.
[32] Witcombe J R, Joshi A, Joshi K D, et al . Farmer participatory crop improvement. I. Varietal selection and breeding methods and their impact on biodiversity. Experimental Agriculture, 1996, 32(4): 445-460.
[33] Maul J D, Schuler L J, Belden J B, et al . Effects of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin on stream microbial communities and detritivorous macroinvertebrates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006, 25(6): 1598-1606.
[34] Scott J M, Davis F, Csuti B, et al . Gap analysis: a geographic approach to protection of biological diversity. Wildlife Monographs, 1993, 57(4): 1-41.
[35] Wu Y N, Zhang Y F. The relationship between plant species diversity and productivity of steppe community. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol, 1997, 28(5): 667-673.
[36] Peterson A T, Ortega-Huerta M A, Bartley J, et al . Future projections for Mexican faunas under global climate change scenarios. Nature, 2002, 416(6881): 626-629.
[37] Williams S E, Bolitho E E, Fox S. Climate change in Australian tropical rainforests: an impending environmental catastrophe. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 2003, 270(1527): 1887-1892.
[38] Bakkenes M, Alkemade J R M, Ihle F, et al . Assessing effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050. Global Change Biology, 2002, 8(4): 390-407.
[39] Tilman D. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology, 1996, 77(2): 350-363.
[40] Callaway R M, Kikodze D, Chiboshvili M, et al . Unpalatable plants protect neighbors from grazing and increase plant community diversity. Ecology, 2005, 86(7): 1856-1862.
[41] Yeates G W. Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2003, 37(4): 199-210.
[42] Lake P S, Palmer M A, Biro P, et al . Global Change and the Biodiversity of Freshwater Ecosystems: Impacts on Linkages between Above-Sediment and Sediment Biota: All forms of anthropogenic disturbance-changes in land use, biogeochemical processes, or biotic addition or loss-not only damage the biota of freshwater sediments but also disrupt the linkages between above-sediment and sediment-dwelling biota. Biology Science, 2000, 50(12): 1099-1107.
[43] Bengtsson J, Nilsson S G, Franc A, et al . Biodiversity, disturbances, ecosystem function and management of European forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 132(1): 39-50.
[13] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 丁路明. 等. 高寒草甸不同草地类型功能群多样性及组成对植物群落生产力的影响. 生物多样性, 2004, 12(4): 403-409.
[14] 杨元合, 饶胜, 胡会峰. 青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量的关系. 生物多样性, 2004, 12(1): 200-205.
[21] 杨阳, 刘秉儒, 宋乃平, 等. 人工柠条灌丛密度对荒漠草原土壤养分空间分布的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 107-115.
[22] 王兴, 宋乃平, 杨新国. 荒漠草原弃耕恢复草地土壤与植被的 RDA 分析. 草业学报, 2014, 23(2): 90-97.
[23] 方楷, 宋乃平, 魏乐, 等. 不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(5): 12-22.
[24] 王兴, 宋乃平, 杨新国, 等. 放牧扰动下草地植物多样性对土壤因子的响应. 草业学报, 2013, 22(5): 27-36.
[25] 穆少杰, 李建龙, 杨红飞, 等. 内蒙古草地生态系统近 10 年 NPP 时空变化及其与气候的关系. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 6-15.
[26] 安慧, 杨新国, 刘秉儒, 等. 荒漠草原区弃耕地植被演替过程中植物群落生物量及土壤养分变化. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(12): 3145-3149.
[27] 彭少麟, 陆宏芳. 恢复生态学焦点问题. 生态学报, 2003, 23(7): 1249-1257.
[29] 马文红, 方精云. 内蒙古温带草原的R/S及其影响因素. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, (42): 774-778.
[31] 王敏, 苏永中, 杨荣, 等. 黑河中游荒漠草地地上和地下生物量的分配格局. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 209-219.
[35] 乌云娜, 张云飞. 草原植物群落物种多样性与生产力的关系. 内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 28(5): 667-673.