土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20150313

草业学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 122-133.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20150313

土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响

刘星¹，张书乐¹，刘国锋¹，邱慧珍^1*，王蒂^2，3*，张俊莲^2，3，沈其荣⁴

1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070;
3.甘肃农业大学农学院，甘肃兰州 730070;
4.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2014-03-04 修回日期:2014-04-10 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20
通讯作者: E-mail:hzqiu@gsau.edu.cn,wangd@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:刘星(1987-)，男，河南信阳人，在读博士。E-mail:liuxing2528360@126.com
基金资助:
农业部公益性行业(农业)科技专项(201103004)，国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD06B03)，国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-P18)和甘肃省科技重大专项(1102NKDA025)资助。

Soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer application promotes potato growth and affects soil bio-chemical properties in a continuous cropping system

LIU Xing¹, ZHANG Shule¹, LIU Guofeng¹, QIU Huizhen^1*, WANG Di^2,3*, ZHANG Junlian^2,3, SHEN Qirong⁴

1.Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academice of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2.Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 100081,China

Received:2014-03-04 Revised:2014-04-10 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甘肃省中部沿黄灌区是全国重要的加工型马铃薯生产基地，但因集约化种植带来的连作障碍问题已严重影响到产业的健康发展，因而寻求能够缓解或克服马铃薯连作障碍的有效措施。本研究评估了土壤熏蒸和微生物有机肥联用的方法对马铃薯连作障碍的防控效果，特别是对植株生长发育、土传病害抑制以及微生物区系和酶活性等土壤生化性质的影响。田间试验共设置5个处理:对照(CK)、氨水熏蒸(SFA)、石灰+碳铵熏蒸(SFB)、氨水熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用(SFA+BOF)、石灰+碳铵熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用(SFB+BOF)。结果表明，SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理较CK均显著增加连作马铃薯的块茎产量，增幅分别达到13.62%和20.36%，也显著降低植株的发病率(54.92%和72.82%)和收获后的病薯率(66.15%和64.76%)，并且提高叶绿素含量和改善根系形态结构。SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理显著影响土壤可培养微生物的数量，表现为增加马铃薯生育后期土壤细菌和放线菌的数量，降低真菌的数量，在土壤中维持一个更高的细菌/真菌。与CK、SFA和SFB处理相比，SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理大幅度降低了连作马铃薯生育期内主要土传致病菌——镰刀菌的数量，使植株发病率降低且块茎产量显著增加。SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理对连作土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶的活性无显著影响，但显著提高磷酸酶的活性。因此，土壤熏蒸和微生物有机肥联用的方法在克服甘肃省中部沿黄灌区的马铃薯连作障碍上具有较大的应用潜力，且石灰+碳铵熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用的效果优于氨水熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用。

Abstract: The yellow river irrigation areas in the central Gansu Province are the main potato growing and processing regions in China. However, continuous cropping has resulted in production losses and impaired the development of the potato industry in the region. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer application to increase yields through increased crop growth and suppression of soil-borne pathogens. Five treatment combinations including control (CK), soil fumigation using aqueous ammonia (SFA), soil fumigation plus lime and ammonium bicarbonate (SFB), a combination of SFA and bio-organic fertilizer application (SFA+BOF), and a combination of SFB and bio-organic fertilizer application (SFB+BOF), were utilised. Compared with CK, SFA+BOF and SFB+BOF treatments significantly increased tuber yield by 13.62% and 20.36%, decreased the incidence of diseased plants by 54.9% and 72.8%, and decreased the ratio of diseased tuber by 66.15% and 64.76%, respectively. Additionally, SFA+BOF and SFB+BOF treatments significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content and improved the morphological characteristics of potato roots. Compared with CK, SFA+BOF and SFB+BOF treatments increased soil bacteria and actinomycetes and decreased fungi populations. In particular, these treatments significantly decreased Fusarium sp. which reduced the incidence of diseased plants during crop growth and increased tuber yields. Neither treatment influenced soil enzyme activity but both treatments significantly increased soil phosphatase activity. Our results indicated that a combination of soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer application may potentially be used to control soil borne fungal diseases in potatoes.

刘星，张书乐，刘国锋，邱慧珍，王蒂，张俊莲，沈其荣. 土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(3): 122-133.

LIU Xing, ZHANG Shule, LIU Guofeng, QIU Huizhen, WANG Di, ZHANG Junlian, SHEN Qirong. Soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer application promotes potato growth and affects soil bio-chemical properties in a continuous cropping system[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(3): 122-133.

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土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响

Soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer application promotes potato growth and affects soil bio-chemical properties in a continuous cropping system

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