玛多县大型野生食草动物种群数量对草畜平衡的影响研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017311

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 1-13.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017311

玛多县大型野生食草动物种群数量对草畜平衡的影响研究

杨帆^1,2, 邵全琴^1,*, 郭兴健^1,2, 李愈哲¹, 王东亮¹, 张雅娴^1,2, 汪阳春³, 刘纪远¹, 樊江文¹

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101;
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
3.中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都 610041

收稿日期:2017-07-19 修回日期:2017-10-18 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-07-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: shaoqq@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:杨帆(1990-),男,江苏常州人,在读博士。E-mail: yangf.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41571504),国家重点研发计划典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究专项(2017YFC0506501)和青海省重大科技专项(2015-SF-A4-1)资助

Effects of wild large herbivore populations on the grassland-livestock balance in Maduo County

YANG Fan^1,2, SHAO Quan-qin^1,*, GUO Xing-jian^1,2, LI Yu-zhe¹, WANG Dong-liang¹, ZHANG Ya-xian^1,2, WANG Yang-chun³, LIU Ji-yuan¹, FAN Jiang-wen¹

1.Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2017-07-19 Revised:2017-10-18 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-07-20
Contact: * E-mail: shaoqq@igsnrr.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以黄河源区玛多县为研究区域,利用无人机遥感技术调查了县域内藏野驴、藏原羚、岩羊等大型野生食草动物和家畜的种群数量,利用降尺度算法生成了2016年玛多县30 m空间分辨率的产草量数据,在此基础上估算了包括野生动物和家畜在内的草畜平衡状况,分析了大型野生食草动物对玛多县草畜平衡的影响。结果表明:1)通过飞行样带内种群密度,推算了玛多县内大型食草动物种群数量,分别与统计数据、暖季调查结果对比验证,估算出2017年冷季藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊分别为1.71、1.60和0.93万匹(只),家牦牛、藏羊和马分别为7.08、10.22、0.12万头(匹、只),大型野生食草动物和家畜总计47.5万羊单位,大型野生食草动物羊单位数量与家畜羊单位数量之比为1∶4.5;2)仅考虑饲养家畜,载畜压力指数为1.13,表明草地略微超载;在综合考虑饲养家畜和野生动物的情况下,载畜压力指数为1.38,表明草地中度超载;3)若没有将大型野生食草动物纳入草畜平衡核算体系内,载畜压力将被低估22%。超载过牧是造成玛多县草地退化一个主要驱动因素,需人工补饲7.90万t干草或减畜30%才能维持草畜平衡。

关键词: 无人机遥感, 大型野生食草动物, 种群数量, 草畜平衡, 黄河源区

Abstract: The number of wild large herbivores, including Equus kiang, Procapra picticaudata and Pseudois nayaur was investigated using remote sensing technology or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The balance of grassland-livestock, including wild and domestic herbivores, was estimated from data (30 m resolution) in Maduo County in 2016 and the effects of wild herbivore population on the balance of grassland-livestock analyzed. The population of large herbivores was estimated from animal density from sample flights, and the results compared with data from summer monitoring. The estimated number of E. kiang, P. picticaudata and P. nayaur were 1.71, 1.60 and 0.93 million respectively, while the number of yak, Tibetan sheep and horses were 7.08, 10.22 and 0.12 million respectively. The number of large wild herbivores present was equivalent to 47.5 million sheep stock units. The ratio of sheep stock units from wild herbivores to the number of domestic herbivores was 1∶4.5. The carrying capacity index of domestic livestock was 1.13, indicating that the grassland was slightly overstocked; the carrying capacity index for wild herbivores was 0.25 and the combined carrying capacity index (1.38) indicated that the grassland was overstocked. Not including wild herbivores in the grassland-livestock balance accounting system resulted in the carrying capacity index being underestimated by 22%. Overstocking is one of the main drivers of grassland degradation in Maduo County; feeding of 79000 tons of hay or reducing livestock numbers by 30% would be required to achieve balance.

Key words: remote sensing of UAV, large-scale wild herbivores, population number, grassland-livestock balance, the source Region of the Yellow River

杨帆, 邵全琴, 郭兴健, 李愈哲, 王东亮, 张雅娴, 汪阳春, 刘纪远, 樊江文. 玛多县大型野生食草动物种群数量对草畜平衡的影响研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(7): 1-13.

YANG Fan, SHAO Quan-qin, GUO Xing-jian, LI Yu-zhe, WANG Dong-liang, ZHANG Ya-xian, WANG Yang-chun, LIU Ji-yuan, FAN Jiang-wen. Effects of wild large herbivore populations on the grassland-livestock balance in Maduo County[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(7): 1-13.

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玛多县大型野生食草动物种群数量对草畜平衡的影响研究

Effects of wild large herbivore populations on the grassland-livestock balance in Maduo County

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