宁夏典型草原区退耕草地群落演替序列与环境解释

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017404

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究不同退耕年限草地植物群落的数量分类对恢复草地生态环境有重要意义。以宁夏南部典型草原区退耕草地为对象,借助植被数量生态学方法,对退耕1、2、3、5、6、8、9、11、15、16、20和21年的草地植物进行物种多样性分析、数量分类和排序,并研究植物群落演替序列与土壤因子的关系。结果表明:1)随着退耕年限的增加,物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、地上生物量均呈增大趋势。2)应用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)把12个不同退耕年限的样地划分为5个群落类型,TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序结果吻合,DCA排序进一步证明了TWIINSPAN分类的合理性。3)植被的演替序列为:猪毛蒿+狗尾草+早熟禾群落→赖草+披碱草群落→长芒草+赖草群落→赖草+野豌豆群落→长芒草+赖草+披碱草群落。4)通过冗余分析(RDA)得出,退耕年限的长短对草地植物生长的土壤环境产生一定影响,退耕前期土壤全磷和土壤有机碳含量较高;退耕中期土壤速效磷和土壤全氮含量较高,退耕后期土壤速效钾和土壤有机碳含量较高;这与不同退耕年限植物群落的TWINSPAN分类有密切联系。随着草地退耕年限的增加,草地植物群落演替序列不断优化,草原结构更加合理,生态环境得到改善。

关键词: 宁夏典型草原, 退耕草地, 群落演替序列, 环境解释

Abstract: Studying the classification and succession of plant communities at different timepoints after restoration is important for the design of successful strategies to restore degraded grasslands. This study was conducted at an abandoned grassland in the typical steppe of south Ningxia. We analyzed the diversity of grassland plant communities at different times after restoration (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 20 and 21 years). We used Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) to calculate the number of classification groups, and used Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) for the classification and ordination of grassland plant communities. We also evaluated the relationship between soil factors and succession time in the plant communities. The results showed that: 1) The Shannon-Wiener’s index, Patrick’s index, and above-ground biomass growth fluctuated with increasing years of restoration. 2) The 12 sampled plots with different years of restoration were divided into five types based on the TWINSPAN and DCA matching analysis. 3) The vegetation succession was as follows: Artemisia scoparia+Setaria viridis+Poa pratensis community; Leymus secalinus+Elymus dahuricus community; Stipa bungeana+L. secalinus community; L. secalinus+Vicia sepium community; S. bungeana+L. secalinus+E. dahuricus community. 4) The soil environment of grassland plants changed over time after restoration, with higher total phosphorus (P) and soil organic carbon (SOC) at the early establishment stage, higher soil available P and soil total nitrogen (N) contents at the intermediate succession stage, and higher soil available potassium (P) and SOC at the post-restoration stage. These changes were related to the plants TWINSPAN classification groups at different restoration times. We concluded that the succession sequence of the grassland plant community was optimized, the structure of grassland communities became more stable, and the ecological environment improved with increasing duration of grassland restoration.

Key words: typical steppe in Ningxia, abandoned grassland, succession series, environmental interpretation

聂明鹤, 沈艳, 饶丽仙. 宁夏典型草原区退耕草地群落演替序列与环境解释[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8): 11-20.

NIE Ming-he, SHEN Yan, RAO Li-xian. Quantitative classification and environmental interpretation of plant communities on the Ningxia typical steppe after 1-21 years of restoration[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(8): 11-20.

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