象草不同辐射剂量诱变系表型及遗传变异研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以象草种茎为材料,利用10、20和30 Gy剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射种茎,筛选适宜诱变剂量并研究其表型性状变异和分子水平上的遗传变异,为象草辐射诱变育种提供理论和技术基础。结果表明,辐射处理后的植株有矮化的趋势,其中分蘖数、茎节数和叶长对辐射最敏感,容易发生变异;在所有诱变系材料中,F30-39和F30-41聚为一类,与对照材料差异最大,是显著矮小化的植株。30 Gy诱变系与未辐射的材料间的遗传相似系数在0.3793~0.9655,平均为0.8276,而差异位点数在4~66个,平均为19.3个,两项指标均大于10和20 Gy诱变系群体。综合考虑辐射后植株存活率与遗传变异结果,选定30 Gy为最适宜的象草种茎辐射诱变剂量。

关键词: 象草, 辐射诱变, 遗传变异, 表型变异, SSR分子标记

Abstract: In order to provide a theoretical basis for mutation-induced breeding of Pennisetum purpureum, stems of P. purpureum were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co-γ rays at differing doses of 10, 20 and 30 Gy. Then, we screened the resulting mutants and defined their phenotypic variation, and identified the genetic differences at a molecular level, using SSR. The irradiated plants showed a tendency to dwarfism. The number of tillers, stems and the length of leaves were the traits most sensitive to radiation and most easily mutated. Among all the mutants, two designated F30-39 and F30-41 were significantly shortened plants, and were determined by cluster analysis to belong to a group which had the greatest genetic difference from the control material. The genetic similarity coefficient between controls and “30 Gy” mutants ranged from 0.3793 to 0.9655, with the average being 0.8276, while the number of mutation sites ranged between 4 and 66, with an average of 19.3. Both indices were greater than those of “10 and 20 Gy” mutants. Considering the survival rate and genetic mutation frequency of irradiated plants, 30 Gy was selected as the most suitable radiation dose level for mutagenesis.

Key words: Pennisetum purpureum, radiation induction of mutation, genetic variation, phenotypic variation, SSR molecular markers

武炳超, 张欢, 童磊, 杜昭昌, 胡家菱, 陈燚, 张新全, 刘伟, 黄琳凯. 象草不同辐射剂量诱变系表型及遗传变异研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(11): 77-86.

WU Bing-chao, ZHANG Huan, TONG Lei, DU Zhao-chang, HU Jia-ling, CHEN Yi, ZHANG Xin-quan, LIU Wei, HUANG Lin-kai. Research on genetic and phenotypic differences of Pennisetum purpureum mutants generated by irradiation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(11): 77-86.

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