川西北高寒牧区不同人工草地对土壤微生物多样性影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018489

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明人工种植牧草对川西北高寒草地生态系统土壤微生物群落结构和组成的影响,以川西北高寒牧区紫花苜蓿人工草地(Group 1)、燕麦人工草地(Group 2)以及天然草地(Group 3)土壤为对象,采用Illumina Hiseq测序平台对3个草地类型土壤细菌的16S rDNA和真菌的内转录间隔区(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS)基因进行序列测定,分析了各样本土壤微生物群落的组成和结构特征。结果表明:1)3种草地植被类型中土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性无明显差异,真菌群落丰富度亦无显著差异,仅紫花苜蓿人工草地真菌群落多样性程度较燕麦人工草地和天然草地土壤高。2)所测土壤样本主要优势细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)等,人工草地土壤中酸杆菌门丰度显著低于天然草地土壤(P<0.05),放线菌门丰度显著高于天然草地土壤(P<0.05)。主要优势细菌纲为Spartobacteria纲、α-变形菌纲(α-proteobacteria)、β-变形杆菌纲(β-proteobacteria)、Thermoleophilia纲、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)和放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)等,人工草地与天然草地土壤中多种优势细菌纲相对丰度存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。3)3种草地植被类型土壤优势真菌门是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota);优势真菌纲有接合菌纲(Zygomycotes)、粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)、伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)、锤舌菌纲(Leotiomycetes)、座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)等,并且各区组间多种优势真菌纲相对丰度差异明显。4)β-多样性结果显示3种草地植被类型土壤细菌和真菌结构均差异明显,且天然草地与人工草地之间的土壤微生物差异系数大于两种人工草地之间的土壤微生物差异系数;聚类分析显示人工种植牧草显著提高了土壤中生防菌类群的相对丰度,同时,土壤中病原真菌的丰度较天然草地土壤也大幅增加。

关键词: 川西北高寒牧区, 人工草地, 高通量测序, 微生物多样性

Abstract: In order to determine the influence of sown species in artificial grassland on soil microbial diversity in the Northwest Plateau of Sichuan province, an experiment was set up comparing stands of Medicago sativa (Ms), Avena sativa (As), and natural grassland (NG). The microbial community composition and structure of soil samples from the three vegetation types were analyzed by using Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed: 1) There was no significant difference among the three vegetation types with respect to the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities isolated from soil samples. The fungal community was nearly the same for As and NG, while Ms had higher fungal diversity than the other two vegetation types. 2) The dominant phyla of bacteria for the three samples were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Acidobacteria were less abundant in the As soil than in the NG soil (P<0.05), whereas Actinobacteria had higher relative abundance in the As soil than in the NG soil (P<0.05). At the class level, Spartobacteria, α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria, Thermoleophilia, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the predominant bacterial communities, and their relative abundance differed significantly among the three vegetation types (P<0.05). 3) The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Basidiomycota. The dominant taxonomic classes were Zygomycotes, Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes, and the relative abundance of these dominant classes also differed significantly among the three vegetation types. 4) Beta-diversity analyses showed that the structure of soil fungal communities were significantly different among the three vegetation types, and soil microbial diversity coefficients for NG were greater than those for Ms and As. A cluster analysis showed that restoration by artificial grassland increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes, but the relative abundance of soil plant pathogenic fungi was also significantly increased.

Key words: Northwest Sichuan alpine pastoral regions, artificial grassland, high-throughput sequencing, microbial diversity

伍文宪, 张蕾, 黄小琴, 杨潇湘, 薛龙海, 刘勇. 川西北高寒牧区不同人工草地对土壤微生物多样性影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 29-41.

WU Wen-xian, ZHANG Lei, HUANG Xiao-qin, YANG Xiao-xiang, XUE Long-hai, LIU Yong. Difference in soil microbial diversity in artificial grasslands of the Northwest Plateau of Sichuan Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(3): 29-41.

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