多年生牧草种植对苹果园土壤真菌群落特征的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018824

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以陇东黄土高原区13龄苹果园为研究对象,采用高通量测序法分析鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿3种生草模式下0~10 cm土层真菌群落结构多样性,同时结合OTUs数探讨不同生草模式下的特异菌属。结果表明,与对照(清耕)相比,鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿生草模式下土壤真菌Alpha多样性分别增加17.4%、18.6%和27.0%。土壤真菌群落在门水平上主要隶属于子囊菌门、接合菌门、担子菌门和球囊菌门,鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿处理下接合菌门相对丰度较对照分别增加196.2%、169.8%和126.9%;在属水平下,3种生草模式下镰孢霉属相对丰度均高于对照,茎点霉属在白三叶和紫花苜蓿处理中相对丰度较高。嗜热真菌属出现在鸭茅处理中,该菌属与蛋白质和糖类降解有关。葡萄穗霉属和放射毛霉属出现在种植白三叶的土壤中,其分泌的分解酶类与植物纤维和半纤维的分解有密切关系;枝孢属和葡萄座腔菌属存在于紫花苜蓿处理中。

关键词: 苹果园, 生草模式, 土壤真菌, 群落特征

Abstract: A 13-year-old apple orchard on the Longdong Loess Plateau was selected as the site for this study. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the soil fungi community structure and the genera present in the 0-10 cm soil layer when planted with three different forage species (orchard grass, white clover, and lucerne). The results showed that the alpha diversity of soil fungi was increased by 17.4%, 18.6%, and 27.0% in the orchard grass, white clover, and lucerne plantings, respectively, compared with that in the control (clean tillage). At the phylum level, the soil fungi community mainly comprised Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota. The relative abundance of Zygomycota under the three forage species was increased by 196.2%, 169.8%, and 126.9%, respectively, compared with that in the control. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Fusarium in soil was higher in the three forages than in the control, and the relative abundance of Phoma in soil was higher in the white clover and lucerne plots than that in the control. The soil planted in orchard grass had abundant Thermomyces, which are associated with protein and carbohydrate degradation. Stachybotrys and Actinomucor, which secrete catabolic enzymes that decompose plant fibers and hemi-fibers, were present in the soil of the white clover treatment. The soil in the lucerne treatment contained Cladosporium and Botryosphaeria.

Key words: apple orchard, grass-planting patterns, soil fungi, community characteristics

钱雅丽, 王先之, 来兴发, 李峻成, 沈禹颖. 多年生牧草种植对苹果园土壤真菌群落特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11): 124-132.

QIAN Ya-li, WANG Xian-zhi, LAI Xing-fa, LI Jun-cheng, SHEN Yu-ying. Effects of perennial forage on characteristics of the soil fungal community in an apple orchard[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(11): 124-132.

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