青海省海北地区高寒草甸群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019312

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 1-8.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019312

青海省海北地区高寒草甸群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应

徐田伟¹, 赵炯昌², 毛绍娟³, 耿远月^1,4, 刘宏金^1,4, 赵新全¹, 徐世晓^1,*

1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁 810008;
2.云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院云南昆明 650500;
3.青海大学生态环境工程学院青海西宁 810016;
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-07-08 修回日期:2019-11-18 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail: sxxu@nwipb.cas.cn
作者简介:徐田伟(1988-),男,黑龙江方正人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: xutianwei@nwipb.cas.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA23060603、XDA2005010406),2018年度青海三江源生态保护和建设二期工程科研和推广项目(2018-S-2),青海大学中青年科研基金项目(2016-QNY-4),国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501905、2016YFC0501805)和中国科学院“西部青年学者”B类项目资助

Response of plant community structure and biomass to short-term rest grazing in an alpine meadow in Haibei Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai

XU Tian-wei¹, ZHAO Jiong-chang², MAO Shao-juan³, GENG Yuan-yue^1,4, LIU Hong-jin^1,4, ZHAO Xin-quan¹, XU Shi-xiao^1,*

1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;
2.Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
3.College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-07-08 Revised:2019-11-18 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-20
Contact: E-mail: sxxu@nwipb.cas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示高寒草甸植被群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应,为高寒草甸合理利用提供依据,于2017年9月上旬采用样方法对青海省海北州门源县的连续放牧、生长季休牧和禁牧1年的高寒草甸样地进行调查、取样和分析,研究了短期休牧对高寒草甸植被群落结构和地上/地下生物量的影响。结果表明:1)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了高寒草甸的群落高度、群落盖度和样方物种丰富度(P<0.01),极显著提高了异针茅、矮嵩草、异叶米口袋和青海苜蓿等代表性牧草高度(P<0.01);2)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了枯落物量和半腐殖质量(P<0.01),极显著提高了禾本科、豆科和阔叶类植物生物量(P<0.01),极显著提高了总地上生物量和优质牧草产量(P<0.01);3)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了表层地下生物量(0~10 cm)和总地下生物量(0~30 cm)(P<0.01)。对于青海海北地区的未退化高寒草甸,可以采用短期休牧技术优化其群落结构,提高生物量和优质牧草产量,促进天然草地资源合理利用。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 短期休牧, 植被群落特征, 生物量, 根冠比

Abstract: This study explored the effects of short-term rest grazing on plant community structure and biomass, in order to provide a theoretical basis for decisions on the sustainable utilization of alpine meadow grassland. The plant community structure and biomass at three study sites (continuously grazed [CG], rest grazing for a growing season [RGGS], and not grazed for one year [NG1Y]) in Haibei alpine meadow were sampled and analyzed, in early September 2017. It was found that: 1) RGGS and NG1Y significantly increased plant community height, ground cover and species richness compared to CG (P<0.01). These treatments also increased the height of representative species such as Stipa aliena, Kobresia humilis, Gueldenstaedtia diversifolia and Medicago archiducis-nicolaii (P<0.01). 2) RGGS and NG1Y significantly increased litter fall and humus accumulation (P<0.01), significantly increased grass, legume and broad-leaved herb species biomass (P<0.01), and also significantly increased total aboveground biomass and high quality forage yield, compared to CG (P<0.01). 3) RGGS and NG1Y significantly increased 0-10 cm belowground biomass and total belowground biomass (0-30 cm) (P<0.01). Therefore, short-term rest grazing can be used to benefit vegetation community structure, improve high quality herbage yield and promote sustainable utilization of alpine meadow in Haibei Autonomous Perfecture of Qinghai province.

Key words: alpine meadow, short-term rest grazing, vegetation community structure, biomass, root-shoot ratio

徐田伟, 赵炯昌, 毛绍娟, 耿远月, 刘宏金, 赵新全, 徐世晓. 青海省海北地区高寒草甸群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 1-8.

XU Tian-wei, ZHAO Jiong-chang, MAO Shao-juan, GENG Yuan-yue, LIU Hong-jin, ZHAO Xin-quan, XU Shi-xiao. Response of plant community structure and biomass to short-term rest grazing in an alpine meadow in Haibei Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 1-8.

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青海省海北地区高寒草甸群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应

Response of plant community structure and biomass to short-term rest grazing in an alpine meadow in Haibei Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai

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