添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了评价不同添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响,在72%籽粒苋与28%豆粕混合青贮中分别添加糖蜜、乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶、乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶;以等量水为空白对照组,青贮30 d后进行开包取样并分析各项指标。结果表明,添加糖蜜、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶或糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组均较对照改善了籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮的发酵品质和营养品质,显著降低了pH值、干物质损失率、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量,显著提高了可溶性碳水化合物含量和相对饲用价值(P<0.05)。乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶及乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组pH值、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量均显著高于对照(P<0.05)。综合评价,建议籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮时添加糖蜜或复合添加糖蜜与乳酸菌或纤维素复合酶。

关键词: 籽粒苋, 豆粕, 混合青贮, 添加剂, 青贮饲料品质

Abstract: The effects of different additives on the quality of mixed silage of amaranth and soybean meal were investigated. Amaranth and soybean meal mixed in a 72%∶28% ratio were used as the silage substrate with seven different additive treatments: molasses, lactic acid bacteria, cellulose complex enzyme, molasses and lactic acid bacteria, molasses and cellulose complex enzyme, lactic acid bacteria and cellulose complex enzyme, molasses and lactic acid bacteria and cellulose complex enzyme, together with a control treatment where an equal amount of water to the additive treatments was applied. After being ensiled for 30 days, the samples were opened and analyzed. It was found that the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of the mixed whole amaranth-soybean meal silages were improved compared to control, when the additives molasses, molasses and lactic acid bacteria, molasses and cellulose complex enzyme or molasses and lactic acid bacteria and cellulose complex enzyme were used. The pH value, dry matter loss, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with these additives, and the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and relative feed value (RFV) were significantly improved (P<0.05). The treatments incorporating lactic acid bacteria, cellulose complex enzyme or lactic acid bacteria and cellulose complex enzyme were not ideal, and their pH value, and NDF and ADF content were all higher than the control group (P<0.05). Considering all the data, addition of molasses or molasses and lactic acid bacteria or molasses and cellulose complex enzyme to mixed whole amaranth and soybean meal silage is suggested as optimal.

Key words: Amaranthus hypochondriacus, soybean meal, mixed silage, additives, silage quality

李顺, 穆麟, 曾宁波, 陈东, 张志飞, 叶志刚. 添加剂对籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 205-210.

LI Shun, MU Lin, ZENG Ning-bo, CHEN Dong, ZHANG Zhi-fei, YE Zhi-gang. Effects of additives on the quality of mixed silage of amaranth and soybean meal[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12): 205-210.

参考文献

[1] Sun H L, Yue S X, Chen Y C.Innovative technology brings high-quality silage for grain amaranth to the world-Introduction of ways to grow amaranth and enrich soil. China’s Animal Husbandry, 2016, (24): 47-49.
孙鸿良, 岳绍先, 陈幼春. 创新技术带来籽粒苋优质青贮饲料面世——种苋培土致富途径介绍. 中国畜牧业, 2016, (24): 47-49.
[2] Xin J L, Li Z L.Advances in the application of silage amaranth. Feed and Livestock, 2017, (9): 31-34.
辛锦兰, 李忠良. 青贮籽粒苋的应用研究进展. 饲料与畜牧, 2017, (9): 31-34.
[3] Tao Y, Li F, Gao F Q, et al. Study on the quality and microbial characteristics of grain amaranth and silage maize. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(12): 119-129.
陶雅, 李峰, 高凤芹, 等. 籽粒苋与青贮玉米混贮品质及微生物特性研究. 草业学报, 2016, 25(12): 119-129.
[4] Ma H B.Experiment on silage effect of grain amaranth forage. Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2004, (9): 64-65.
马红彬. 籽粒苋饲料青贮效果试验. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2004, (9): 64-65.
[5] Shi B K.Silage effect of grain amaranth alone and mixed with silage corn straw. Contemporary Animal Husbandry, 2007, (8): 42-43.
石帮科. 籽粒苋单独青贮和与青玉米秸混贮效果. 当代畜牧, 2007, (8): 42-43.
[6] Wang S X, Duan X H, Yin S F, et al. Ground silage experiment of grain amaranth. Aquaculture and Feed, 2010, (4): 52-53.
王世雄, 段新慧, 尹尚芬, 等. 籽粒苋地面青贮试验. 养殖与饲料, 2010, (4): 52-53.
[7] Liu Y F, Qiu H R, Yu X, et al. Effects of different treatments on the quality of grain amaranth silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(9): 214-220.
刘艳芳, 邱昊日, 余雄, 等. 不同处理方式对籽粒苋青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2017, 26(9): 214-220.
[8] Wang R, Tan L W, Wang M, et al. Effect of sodium nitrate and 2-bromoethanesulphonate on methane, hydrogen and volatile fatty acids production of in vitro ruminal fermentation. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015, 27(5): 1586-1595.
王荣, 谭利伟, 王敏, 等. 硝酸钠和2-溴乙烷磺酸钠对山羊体外瘤胃发酵甲烷、氢气和挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响. 动物营养学报, 2015, 27(5): 1586-1595.
[9] Broderick G A, Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluids and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 1980, 63(1): 64-75.
[10] Zhang L Y.Feed analysis and quality test technology. Beijing: China Agriculture University Press, 2007.
张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007.
[11] Chen J X, Wang X F.Phytophysiology experiment. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology Press, 2015.
陈建勋, 王晓峰. 植物生理学试验. 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2015.
[12] The Evaluation Council of Self-feed Quality. The evaluation manual of crude feed. Tokyo: The Association of Grassland and Livestock Products in Japan, 2001: 82-87.
自给饲料品质评价研究会. 粗饲料品质评价手册. 东京: 日本草地畜产种子协会, 2001: 82-87.
[13] Dong K D.Relative feed value of forage. China Dairy Cattle, 1990, (4): 28-29.
董德宽. 饲草的相对饲料值. 中国奶牛, 1990, (4): 28-29.
[14] Zhong J, Ni K K, Yang J X, et al. Present situation and prospect of processing technology of forage grass products in China. Scientific Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1677-1685.
钟瑾, 倪奎奎, 杨军香, 等. 我国饲用草产品加工技术的现状及展望. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1677-1685.
[15] Yuan X J, Wang Q, Li Z H, et al. Effects of molasses addition on fermentation quality and nutritional value of barley straw and perennial ryegrass mixed silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 116-123.
原现军, 王奇, 李志华, 等. 添加糖蜜对青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 116-123.
[16] Gu Y J, Ding C L, Zhan J S, et al. Effects of lactic acid bacteria, cellulase and molasses on fermentation quality of silage rice straw. Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2017, (20): 211-213.
顾拥建, 丁成龙, 占今舜, 等. 乳酸菌、纤维素酶和糖蜜对青贮稻秸秆发酵品质的影响. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017, (20): 211-213.
[17] Xiao S H, Yuan X J, Dong Z H, et al. Effects of lactic acid bacteria preparation and molasses on fermentation quality of mixed silage of arrow basket pea and reed fescue. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2016, 39(6): 1017-1022.
肖慎华, 原现军, 董志浩, 等. 添加乳酸菌制剂和糖蜜对箭筈豌豆和苇状羊茅混合青贮发酵品质的影响. 南京农业大学学报, 2016, 39(6): 1017-1022.
[18] Li X L, Guan H, Shuai Y, et al. Effects of single and multiple inoculants on Hemarthria compressa silage quality. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 119-127.
李小铃, 关皓, 帅杨, 等. 单一和复合乳酸菌添加剂对扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 119-127.
[19] Li L X.Study on mixed silage of straw and herbage in Tibet. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2013.
李龙兴. 西藏主要农作物秸秆与牧草混合青贮的研究. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2013.