基于主成分分析的不同种植年限甘草地土壤质量评价

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019380

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明甘草种植及其年限的增加对沙地土壤的改良效应,本研究采用主成分分析法,以空间代替时间,对流动沙地(对照)、1、2、3和4年生甘草地土壤进行了质量评价。结果表明:1)种植甘草后,土壤平均入渗率、总孔隙度、速效氮、速效磷、有机质、脲酶、磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和细菌比例均显著增加,土壤容重、真菌数量及其比例显著降低,其他指标无明显变化;2)随着甘草种植年限增加,土壤含水量、pH、速效氮、有机质、脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、细菌数量、放线菌数量及其比例总体呈显著增加趋势,速效钾和细菌比例显著降低,速效磷先增加后降低,平均入渗率、田间持水量、容重、总孔隙度、真菌比例均无显著变化。甘草地土壤放线菌数量所占比例最大,细菌次之,真菌最低;3)细菌与放线菌极显著正相关,两者与脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶显著正相关;真菌与细菌、放线菌及5种酶间均负相关,且相关性普遍不显著;除多酚氧化酶外,其他酶之间显著正相关;4)3和4年生甘草地土壤质量较为接近,甘草地土壤质量随着种植年限的增加总体呈增加趋势。基于主成分分析的综合评价结果表明,相较于流动沙地,3和4年生甘草地土壤质量已得到明显改善。

关键词: 甘草, 土壤质量评价, 种植年限, 主成分分析

Abstract: In this research, the impact of Glycyrrhiza uralensis planting on soil quality was elucidated using principal component analysis on data from G. uralensis stands of different ages, to include a time dimension. It was found that: 1) After planting G. uralensis, soil average infiltration rate, total porosity, available N, available P, organic matter, enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase) and proportion of bacteria significantly increased, while soil bulk density, fungi number and its proportion markedly decreased and other indexes did not change significantly. 2) With increased G. uralensis stand age, significant increases in soil moisture content, pH, available N, organic matter, soil enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, invertase and dehydrogenase), number of bacteria, number and proportion of actinomycete were observed, while available K and proportion of bacteria were markedly decreased. After establishment, available P initially increased but then decreased with age in older stands. Visibly obvious changes in soil average infiltration rate, field capacity, bulk density, total porosity and proportion of fungi were not quantified . Among soil microbial groups in G. uralensis stands, actinomycetes had the greatest comparative abundance, followed by bacteria and fungi. 3) A significant, positive correlation between number of bacterial and actinomycete was found, and also a similar relationship between those two groups and activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase. Negative correlation between fungi and bacteria, actinomycete, all enzymes were universally insignificant. Enzyme activities, besides polyphenol oxidase, were significantly and positively correlated with each other. 4) Soil quality of 3-year-old stands of G. uralensis was similar to that of fields of 4-year-old stands, and overall soil quality in fields of G. uralensis increased with stand age. Multivariate evaluation of results using principal component analysis showed that, in contrast to shifting sandy land, the soil quality of fields of 3-year-old and 4-year-old G. uralensis showed marked improvement.

Key words: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, soil quality assessment, planting years, principal component analysis

刘江, 吕涛, 张立欣, 叶丽娜, 刘向阳, 代香荣, 王伟伟, 丁茹. 基于主成分分析的不同种植年限甘草地土壤质量评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(6): 162-171.

LIU Jiang, LV Tao, ZHANG Li-xin, YE Li-na, LIU Xiang-yang, DAI Xiang-rong, WANG Wei-wei, DING Ru. Soil quality assessment by principal component analysis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis stands of differing ages[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(6): 162-171.

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