施肥对高寒草原草地质量指数及土壤性质影响的综合评价

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019513

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 85-93.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019513

施肥对高寒草原草地质量指数及土壤性质影响的综合评价

郭剑波¹, 赵国强¹, 贾书刚^2,*, 董俊夫^1,3, 陈龙¹, 王淑平^1,*

1.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049;
2.广西地标作物大数据工程技术研究中心,北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南宁师范大学,广西南宁 530001;
3.中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-11-26 修回日期:2020-02-11 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-09-20
通讯作者: E-mail: wshuping@ucas.edu.cn, jiasg@itpcas.ac.cn
作者简介:郭剑波(1994-), 男, 山西忻州人, 在读硕士。E-mail: guojianbo17@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230750)资助

Comprehensive evaluation of effects of fertilization on grassland quality index and soil properties in alpine steppe

GUO Jian-bo¹, ZHAO Guo-qiang¹, JIA Shu-gang^2,*, DONG Jun-fu^1,3, CHEN Long¹, WANG Shu-ping^1,*

1. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
2. Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China;
3. College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-11-26 Revised:2020-02-11 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-09-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以西藏自治区班戈县的典型高寒草原为研究对象,设置田间小区控制试验,于2013-2015年施加不同数量氮磷肥(N: 0、7.5、15.0 g N·m^-2, P: 0、7.5、15.0、30.0 g P₂O₅·m^-2), 调查各处理不同类群植物生物量、分析土壤理化性质,进而评价氮磷养分添加对高寒草原草地质量和土壤环境质量的影响。试验结果表明:1)氮磷配施优于氮磷肥单施,不同氮磷配施处理均能提高草地质量指数(IGQ),以N₁P₁(7.5 g N·m^-2, 7.5 g P₂O₅·m^-2)施肥处理的草地质量指数最大(90.27),相较对照增加了67.16%(P<0.05)。2)选择土壤有机质(OM),全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、有效氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和pH作为土壤环境质量评价指标, 应用主成分分析法对不同土层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm) 12个施肥处理的土壤理化性质进行分析。结果表明,短期施肥主要影响土壤0~10 cm土层环境质量的变化;增施氮肥土壤pH呈下降趋势;高磷添加处理(30.0 g P₂O₅·m^-2)增加了土壤全磷、有效磷含量,但植物吸收效率下降。3)结合草地质量指数和土壤理化性质变化进行草地质量综合评价,结果表明氮磷肥配施好于单施,且N₁P₁(7.5 g N·m^-2,7.5 g P₂O₅·m^-2)处理相对得分最高,为本试验条件下的适宜施肥量。

关键词: 高寒草原, 草地质量指数, 氮磷添加, 土壤性质, 主成分分析

Abstract: This research investigated the effects of fertilization on degraded alpine steppe in the Tibetan Plateau, and aimed to comprehensively assess the quality of this alpine grassland based on the index of grassland quality (IGQ) and soil properties. A field experiment was conducted in Bange County with three different N and four different P fertilization levels [N: 0 (N₀), 7.5 (N₁), 15.0 (N₂) g N·m^-2; P: 0 (P₀), 7.5 (P₁), 15.0 (P₂), 30.0 (P₃) g P₂O₅·m^-2] in a factorial combination, with 12 N-P combinations, and N₀P₀ as control. The aboveground biomass of different vegetation communities and soil physical and chemical properties were assessed within the controlled experiment. It was found that combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus improved the IGQ, but only the treatment N₁P₁ (N: 7.5 g N·m^-2, P: 7.5 g P₂O₅·m^-2) had a significant effect on IGQ, which under tis treatment was increased by 67.16% compared with control. Data for soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus, available nitrogen and phosphorus, and pH under the 12 different treatments for three soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm) were subjected to principal component analysis. The results showed that soil pH is negatively correlated with total nitrogen and available nitrogen, and fertilization had a greater impact on soil quality in the 0-10 cm soil layer than in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers. The high P level (30.0 g P₂O₅·m^-2) of fertilizer application increased soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus content but had an adverse effect on plant absorption rate. In summary, N : P fertilization (except treatments N₀P₁, N₁P₀) improved grassland quality, and N₁P₁ had the highest relative score. Hence, moderate N : P fertilization plays a positive role in improving grassland quality and soil fertility in the alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau. Further study is necessary to understand the restoration effect of manure.

Key words: alpine steppe, IGQ, N : P fertilization, soil properties, PCA

郭剑波, 赵国强, 贾书刚, 董俊夫, 陈龙, 王淑平. 施肥对高寒草原草地质量指数及土壤性质影响的综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(9): 85-93.

GUO Jian-bo, ZHAO Guo-qiang, JIA Shu-gang, DONG Jun-fu, CHEN Long, WANG Shu-ping. Comprehensive evaluation of effects of fertilization on grassland quality index and soil properties in alpine steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(9): 85-93.

参考文献

[1] Mao S J, Wu Q H, Zhu J B, et al. Response of the maintain performance in alpine grassland to enclosure on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(1): 21-30.
毛绍娟, 吴启华, 祝景彬, 等. 藏北高寒草原群落维持性能对封育年限的响应. 草业学报, 2015, 24(1): 21-30.
[2] Duan C, Shi P L, Zhang X Z, et al. Suitability analysis for sown pasture planning in all alpine rangeland of the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 39(15): 5517-5526.
段呈, 石培礼, 张宪洲, 等. 藏北高原牧区人工草地建设布局的适宜性分析. 生态学报, 2018, 39(15): 5517-5526.
[3] Sun H L, Zheng D, Yao T D, et al. Protection and construction of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(1): 3-12.
孙鸿烈, 郑度, 姚檀栋, 等. 青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设. 地理学报, 2012, 67(1): 3-12.
[4] Chen B, Zhang X, Tao J, ,et al. The impact of climate change. The impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on alpine grassland over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2014, 189/190: 11-18.
[5] Harris R B.Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes. Journal of Arid Environments, 2010, 74(1): 1-12.
[6] Li W, Cao W X, Xu C L, et al. Changes of vegetation characteristics in alpine meadow-steppe of Eastern Qilian Mountains after different grazing rest modes. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2014, 34(11): 2339-2345.
李文, 曹文侠, 徐长林, 等. 不同休牧模式对东祁连山高寒草甸草原植被特征变化的影响. 西北植物学报, 2014, 34(11): 2339-2345.
[7] Wang C T, Wang G X, Liu W, et al. Effects of fertilization gradients on plant community structure and soil characteristics in alpine meadow. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(10): 3103-3113.
王长庭, 王根绪, 刘伟, 等. 施肥梯度对高寒草甸群落结构、功能和土壤质量的影响. 生态学报, 2013, 33(10): 3103-3113.
[8] Feng Z X, Zhou J J, Wang X R, et al. Effects of reseeding and sward ripping on vegetation restoration in degraded subalpine meadow. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(9): 1313-1319.
冯忠心, 周娟娟, 王欣荣, 等. 补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被恢复的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(9): 1313-1319.
[9] Cao W X, Li W, Li X L, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure and soil nutrient in alpine meadow-steppe. Journal of Desert Research, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.
曹文侠, 李文, 李小龙, 等. 施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.
[10] Ren Q J, Luo Y J, Wang H Y, et al. Restoration of degraded typical alpine meadowland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau-Effect of fertilizing and cutting on grassland quality. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(2): 43-49.
仁青吉, 罗燕江, 王海洋, 等. 青藏高原典型高寒草甸退化草地的恢复-施肥刈割对草地质量的影响. 草业学报, 2004, 13(2): 43-49.
[11] Dong J F, Wang S P, Cui X Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on plant community characteristics in Tibetan alpine grassland. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(11): 2291-2299.
董俊夫, 王淑平, 崔骁勇, 等. 增施氮肥对青藏高寒草原不同类群植物群落特征的影响. 草业科学, 2016, 33(11): 2291-2299.
[12] Fensham R J, Holman J E, Cox M J.Plant species responses along a grazing disturbance gradient in Australian grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1999, 10(1): 77-86.
[13] Rajaniemi T K.Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity? Testing three competition-based hypotheses. Journal of Ecology, 2002, 90(2): 316-324.
[14] Wang L, Shi J J, Shang Z H, et al. Effects of phosphatic fertilizer addition on plant community characteristics in an alpine grassland around Qinghai Lake. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(5): 1224-1230.
王玲, 施建军, 尚占环, 等. 磷肥对环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(5): 1224-1230.
[15] Gao B Q, Yuan Z Q, Wang B X, et al. Effects of fertilization and clipping on species diversity, productivity and their relationship in subalpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(5): 417-424.
高本强, 袁自强, 王斌先, 等. 施肥和刈割对亚高山草甸物种多样性与生产力及其关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(5): 417-424.
[16] Zhang J Q, Li Q, Ren Z W, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on species richness and relationship between species richness and aboveground productivity of alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(10): 1125-1131.
张杰琦, 李奇, 任正炜, 等. 氮素添加对青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落物种丰富度及其与地上生产力关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(10): 1125-1131.
[17] Wang Y L, Cai J J, Zhang Y R, et al. Soil physical and chemical properties during different ecological restoration or reconstruction in semiarid degraded mountain area. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 14(1): 11-14.
王月玲, 蔡进军, 张源润, 等. 半干旱退化山区不同生态恢复与重建措施下土壤理化性质的特征分析. 水土保持研究, 2007, 14(1): 11-14.
[18] Bowman W D, Cleveland C C, Halada L, et al. Negative impact of nitrogen deposition on soil buffering capacity. Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1(11): 767-770.
[19] Lieb A M, Darrouzet N A, Bowman W D.Nitrogen deposition decreases acid buffering capacity of alpine soils in the southern Rocky Mountains. Geoderma, 2011, 164(3/4): 220-224.
[20] Zhou L P, Qi R S.Effect of unreasonable fertilizer on soil property and its controlling measures. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, (1): 74-78.
周丽萍, 戚瑞生. 不合理施肥对土壤性质的影响及其防治措施探讨. 甘肃农业科技, 2017, (1): 74-78.
[21] Li W J, Liu H M, Zhao J N, et al. Effects of nitrogen and water addition on plant species diversity and biomass of common species in the Stipa baicalensis Steppe, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19): 6460-6469.
李文娇, 刘红梅, 赵建宁, 等. 氮素和水分添加对贝加尔针茅草原植物多样性及生物量的影响. 生态学报, 2015, 35(19): 6460-6469.
[22] Zhang J J, Liu P P, Li X G, et al. Effect of fertilization and mowing on biomass and nutritional quality of alpine natural pasture. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(4): 885-887.
张娇娇, 刘培培, 李小刚, 等. 施肥和刈割对高寒天然草场牧草产量及营养品质的影响. 草地学报, 2017, 25(4): 885-887.
[23] Sun J, Liu M, Li L J, et al. The effect of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical property. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2010, 25(4): 221-225.
孙建, 刘苗, 李立军, 等. 不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质的影响. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(4): 221-225.
[24] Xu Y, He Z W, Chen T.Dynamics and its driving factor of grassland degradation in Bange County. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(3): 377-380.
徐瑶, 何政伟, 陈涛. 西藏班戈县草地退化动态变化及其驱动力分析. 草地学报, 2011, 19(3): 377-380.
[25] Lu R K.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000.
鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[26] Zhang D Y, Wang G, Du G Z.Succession of the artificial grasslands in the mountain grassland area of Gan Nan District GanSu. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica, 1990, 14(2): 103-109.
张大勇, 王刚, 杜国祯. 甘南山地草原人工草场的演替. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 1990, 14(2): 103-109.
[27] Zhou T Y, Gao J, Wang J N, et al. Effects of 7-year enclosure on an apline meadow at the south-eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau based on community structure and soil physico-chemical properties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(12): 1-11.
周天阳, 高景, 王金牛, 等. 基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价. 草业学报, 2018, 27(12): 1-11.
[28] Zhang Y, Zhao T N, Shi C Q, et al. Evaluation of vegetation and soil characteristics during slope vegetation recovery procedure. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(3): 124-131.
张艳, 赵廷宁, 史常青, 等. 坡面植被恢复过程中植被与土壤特征评价. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(3): 124-131.
[29] Chen P, Chen X L.Evaluating drought vulnerability of agricultural system in Poyang Lake ecological economic zone, China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(8): 8-13.
陈萍, 陈晓玲. 鄱阳湖生态经济区农业系统的干旱脆弱性评价. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(8): 8-13.
[30] Zhang D J.Effect of fertilization on aboveground biomass of alpine meadow in region of Three-river Source. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2011, 41(3): 17-19.
张东杰. 施肥对三江源区高寒草甸草场地上生物量的影响. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2011, 41(3): 17-19.
[31] Liu M L, Baoyin T G T, Yang C, et al. Effect of applying N, P and K to mowing grassland on plant community composition and grassland quality of typical steppe. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2007, 21(11): 131-135.
刘美玲, 宝音陶格涛, 杨持, 等. 添加氮磷钾元素对典型草原区割草地植物群落组成及草地质量的影响. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(11): 131-135.
[32] Liu M L, Baoyin T G T, Yang C. Effect of applying phosphorus diamine fertilizer on plant community composition and grassland quality in mowing grassland of typical steppe. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(1): 350-355.
刘美玲, 宝音陶格涛, 杨持. 施用磷酸二胺对典型草原区割草地植物群落组成及草场质量的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(1): 350-355.
[33] Zhou G Y, Chen G C, Zhao Y L, et al. Comparative research on the influence of chemical fertilizer application and enclosure on alpine steppes in the Qinghai Lake area Ⅱ Seasonal and annual biomass dynamics. Pratacultural Science, 2005, 22(1): 59-63.
周国英, 陈桂琛, 赵以莲, 等. 施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究Ⅱ地上生物量季节动态. 草业科学, 2005, 22(1): 59-63.
[34] Zhou G Y, Chen G C, Zhao Y L, et al. Comparative research on the influence of chemical fertilizer application and enclosure on alpine steppes in the Qinghai Lake area I Structure and species diversity of the plant community. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(1): 26-31.
周国英, 陈桂琛, 赵以莲, 等. 施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究Ⅰ群落结构及其物种多样性. 草业学报, 2004, 13(1): 26-31.
[35] Li E Y, He G Y.Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow soil properties and enzyme activity in response to fertilization gradients in different seasons. Guihaia, 2014, 34(4): 467-472, 449.
李恩宇, 何贵永. 青藏高原高寒草甸不同季节土壤理化性质及酶活性对施肥处理的响应. 广西植物, 2014, 34(4): 467-472, 449.
[36] He D, Li X L, He F, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and the important values of the main species in degraded grassland. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2009, 31(5): 42-46.
何丹, 李向林, 何峰, 等. 施氮对退化天然草地主要物种地上生物量和重要值的影响. 中国草地学报, 2009, 31(5): 42-46.
[37] Chen B L, Yang H K, Song W C, et al. Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkali hydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration, fiber yield, and quality of cotton. The Crop Journal, 2016, 4(4): 323-330.

施肥对高寒草原草地质量指数及土壤性质影响的综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of effects of fertilization on grassland quality index and soil properties in alpine steppe

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	王苗苗, 周向睿, 梁国玲, 赵桂琴, 焦润安, 柴继宽, 高雪梅, 李娟宁. 5份燕麦材料苗期耐盐性综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 143-154.
[2]	雷雄, 游明鸿, 白史且, 陈丽丽, 邓培华, 熊毅, 熊艳丽, 余青青, 马啸, 杨建, 张昌兵. 川西北高原50份燕麦种质农艺性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(7): 131-142.
[3]	刘江, 吕涛, 张立欣, 叶丽娜, 刘向阳, 代香荣, 王伟伟, 丁茹. 基于主成分分析的不同种植年限甘草地土壤质量评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(6): 162-171.
[4]	柳书俊, 姚新转, 赵德刚, 吕立堂. 湄潭茶园土壤养分特征及肥力质量评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(11): 33-45.
[5]	侯帅君, 王迎新. 马鹿夏季放牧对祁连山草原群落多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 206-210.
[6]	胡娜, 李葆春, 姚立蓉, 汪军成, 边秀秀, 侯静静, 司二静, 杨轲, 孟亚雄, 马小乐, 王化俊. 不同重金属胁迫对盐生草种子萌发特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 66-81.
[7]	杨鑫光, 李希来, 金立群, 孙华方. 不同人工恢复措施下高寒矿区煤矸石山植被和土壤恢复效果研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 1-11.
[8]	王建丽, 马利超, 申忠宝, 刘杰淋, 朱瑞芬, 韩微波, 钟鹏, 邸桂俐, 韩贵清, 郭长虹. 基于遗传多样性评估燕麦品种的农艺性状[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(2): 133-141.
[9]	李宝栋, 邓宇, 孙海洲, 赵瑞霞, 萨其仍贵, 李晓燕, 红敏, 桑丹, 张春华, 任晓萍. 巴林右旗干草原主要牧草的营养成分季节动态与饱和链烷烃组成结构的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 159-168.
[10]	刘玉祯, 曹文侠, 王金兰, 李文, 辛雨琼, 王世林, 王小军. 祁连山东段不同类型灌丛斑块土壤特征对围封的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11): 32-45.
[11]	焦润安, 焦健, 李朝周. 生草对油橄榄园土壤性质和油橄榄成花生理的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(7): 133-145.
[12]	罗琰, 苏德荣, 纪宝明, 吕世海, 韩立亮, 李兴福. 辉河湿地不同草甸植被群落特征及其与土壤因子的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(3): 33-43.
[13]	李思诗, 司晓静, 蒋芳市, 林金石, 蔡学智, 吴俣, 黄炎和. 长汀县崩岗区8种禾本科植物根系构型特征[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(10): 215-222.
[14]	张凡凡, 和海秀, 于磊, 鲁为华, 张前兵, 马春晖. 天山西部高山区夏季放牧草地4种重要牧草营养品质评价[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(8): 207-215.
[15]	王鹏飞, 贾璐婷, 杜俊杰, 张建成, 穆霄鹏, 丁伟. 黄土丘陵沟壑区欧李栽植对土壤质量改良作用的评价[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 65-74.