不同直播方式与杂草防除时期对稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019421

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 132-140.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019421

不同直播方式与杂草防除时期对稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响

周燕芝, 陈丽明, 王文霞, 李祖军, 曾勇军, 谭雪明, 胡水秀, 石庆华, 潘晓华, 曾研华^*

江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心,作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,江西南昌330045

收稿日期:2019-09-29 出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-05-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: zyh74049501@163.com
作者简介:周燕芝(1995-),女,江西上饶人,在读硕士。E-mail: 13677980356@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300501,2017YFND0301605),国家自然科学基金项目(31760366),江西省重点研发计划项目(20171BBF60030),江西省水稻产业技术体系专项( JXARS-02-03)和江西省自然科学基金(20161BAB214171)资助

Effects of different direct seeding methods and weed control timing on weed occurrence and grain yield of early indica rice

ZHOU Yan-zhi, CHEN Li-ming, WANG Wen-xia, LI Zu-jun, ZENG Yong-jun, TAN Xue-ming, HU Shui-xiu, SHI Qing-hua, PAN Xiao-hua, ZENG Yan-hua^*

Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

Received:2019-09-29 Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-05-20
Contact: * E-mail: zyh74049501@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同直播方式下稻田杂草最佳防除时期,本试验以杂交稻柒两优2012为供试材料,设置旱直播、湿直播和水直播3种直播方式与播后2叶1心前除草(C₁)、2叶1心至3叶1心除草(C₂)、全生育期除草(C₃)及全生育期不除草(CK)4个处理,研究不同直播方式与杂草防除时期对稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响。结果表明,与水直播和湿直播相比,旱直播方式可显著提高早籼稻出苗率,且土壤中稗草、千金子等禾本科杂草发生严重,而水直播和湿直播方式下水莎草、鸭舌草等水生性杂草发生严重;在播后3~29 d左右,旱直播方式下杂草发生相对较严重,但在播后43 d杂草发生量显著低于水直播和湿直播处理;对于水稻全生育期来说,旱直播杂草发生密度总体下降12.57%~15.72%,且杂草生物量显著低于水直播和湿直播,鲜、干重分别平均下降65.83%、57.45%及69.73%、59.04%。相关分析表明,杂草生物量与直播稻产量及其构成因素呈极显著负相关,其中播后15~22 d杂草的发生对早籼稻产量降低影响显著。与CK相比,各杂草防除处理均显著提高早籼稻产量,表现为C₃>C₁>C₂>CK,增产17.91%~31.21%,且C₁是杂草防除的最佳时期,其中旱直播增产效应高于湿直播和水直播处理,产量的增加主要得益于单位面积有效穗数的提高。总体来说,不同直播方式杂草发生因生育期而异,旱直播有利于降低直播田杂草发生量,且在播后至2叶1心期前防除杂草利于水稻增产增效,其中旱直播方式明显。

关键词: 直播稻, 直播方式, 杂草发生规律, 杂草防除时期, 产量

Abstract: This research aimed to identify the optimal timing of weed control in rice paddy fields. Hybrid early indica rice Qiliangyou 2012 was planted in pot experiments with three sowing methods [dry direct seeding (DDS), wet direct seeding (WDS) and flooding direct seeding (FDS)] and four manual weeding treatments [from sowing to three leaves (C₁), from three leaves to four leaves (C₂), weeding for the whole growth period (C₃) and no weeding over the entire growth period (CK)], to study the effects of the different seeding methods and weed control options on weed occurrence and grain yield. It was found that in the DDS treatment, the seeding emergence rate was significantly increased compared to FDS and WDS. Weeds such as Echinochloa crusgalli and Euphorbia lathyris were a serious problem in DDS, while aquatic weeds including Juncellus serotinus and Monochoria vaginalis were relatively serious in FDS and WDS. The weed occurrence in the DDS treatment was serious in early crop development (3-29 days after sowing), but was significantly lower than that of FDS and WDS after 43 days. For the whole rice growing period, the weed density in DDS was decreased by 12.57%-15.72%, and the biomass of weeds was significantly lower than that of FDS and WDS, while the fresh weight of weeds in DDS was decreased by 65.83% and 57.45%, while the dry weight was decreased by 69.73% and 59.04%, respectively, compared to FDS and WDS. Correlation analysis showed that weed biomass was negatively correlated with grain yield and its components for direct seeding rice, and the occurrence of weeds 15-22 days after sowing significantly reduced yield. Compared with CK, the grain yield of early indica rice was significantly increased by all weed control treatments, with the ranking for yield being C₃>C₁>C₂>CK, and the average yield increase being 17.91%-31.21%. The best among the weed control treatments was C₁; while the yield of DDS was higher than the yields of FDS and WDS, and the increase in grain yield was mainly due to an increase in number of effective panicles per unit area. The peak occurrence of weeds occurred at different times in the different sowing treatments. DDS has potential to reduce the occurrence of weeds in direct seeded paddy fields, and used with weed control from sowing to the three leaf stage, could enhance rice crop yield.

Key words: direct-seeded rice, direct seeding pattern, the occurrence of weeds, the period of weed control, grain yield

周燕芝, 陈丽明, 王文霞, 李祖军, 曾勇军, 谭雪明, 胡水秀, 石庆华, 潘晓华, 曾研华. 不同直播方式与杂草防除时期对稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 132-140.

ZHOU Yan-zhi, CHEN Li-ming, WANG Wen-xia, LI Zu-jun, ZENG Yong-jun, TAN Xue-ming, HU Shui-xiu, SHI Qing-hua, PAN Xiao-hua, ZENG Yan-hua. Effects of different direct seeding methods and weed control timing on weed occurrence and grain yield of early indica rice[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(5): 132-140.

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不同直播方式与杂草防除时期对稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响

Effects of different direct seeding methods and weed control timing on weed occurrence and grain yield of early indica rice

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