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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 215-223.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020047

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

化肥减量配施菌草固氮菌肥对巨菌草生长、营养品质及土壤养分的影响

贾雨雷1,2(), 廖真1,2(), 汪丽芳1,2, 卜建超1,2, 林标声1,2,3, 林辉1,2, 苏德伟1,2, 鲁国东1,2, 林占熺1,2()   

  1. 1.福建农林大学生命科学学院,福建 福州 350002
    2.国家菌草工程技术研究中心,福建 福州 350002
    3.龙岩学院生命科学学院,福建 龙岩 364012
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-05 修回日期:2020-10-10 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2021-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 林占熺
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: lzxjuncao@163.com
    贾雨雷(1994-),男,安徽阜阳人,在读博士。E-mail:1458763125@qq.com
    廖真(1995-),女,江西赣州人,在读硕士。E-mail:942006431@qq.com第一联系人:共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2018L3003);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(201504412);农业高校产学研合作项目(2018N5001);福建省2011计划“菌草生态产业协同创新中心”(K80ND8002)

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and co-application with a JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer on growth and nutritional quality of Pennisetum giganteum and soil nutrient status

Yu-lei JIA1,2(), Zhen LIAO1,2(), Li-fang WANG1,2, Jian-chao BU1,2, Biao-sheng LIN1,2,3, Hui LIN1,2, De-wei SU1,2, Guo-dong LU1,2, Zhan-xi LIN1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Life Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China
    2.National Engineering Research Center of Juncao,Fuzhou 350002,China
    3.College of Life Science,Longyan University,Longyan 364012,China
  • Received:2020-02-05 Revised:2020-10-10 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-03-09
  • Contact: Zhan-xi LIN

摘要:

生物肥料替代部分化肥在植物种植中发挥了重要作用。利用从巨菌草根部筛选的优良内生固氮菌株制作菌草固氮菌肥,并进行田间随机完全区组试验,设不施肥(空白对照,CK0),灭菌的菌草固氮菌肥(基质对照,CK1),全量化肥(FHF),菌草固氮菌肥(T1),菌草固氮菌肥+75%化肥(T2)共5个处理,研究其对巨菌草生长、产量、营养品质及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,只施菌草固氮菌肥和菌草固氮菌肥+75%化肥处理均能显著促进巨菌草生长,提高其产量,改善巨菌草品质和土壤理化性质;与只施化肥相比,只施菌草固氮菌肥处理在不同程度上降低了巨菌草产量、粗纤维、木质素、粗灰分含量和土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量;而菌草固氮菌肥+75%化肥处理下,巨菌草叶片数、分蘖数、粗蛋白、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素、粗灰分含量均显著高于只施化肥处理,巨菌草产量、株高、粗脂肪含量和土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量比只施化肥高但差异不显著,中性洗涤纤维含量则低于只施化肥处理。因此,适当减施化肥配施菌草固氮菌肥(化肥菌草固氮菌肥+75%化肥)在稳定巨菌草产量的同时,也能够在一定程度上促进其生长,改善其营养品质和土壤理化性质。

关键词: 菌草固氮菌肥, 巨菌草, 产量, 营养品质

Abstract:

Biological N-fixation offers potential for a significant role in plant cultivation and reduction in chemical fertilizer use. The aim of this research was to study the effect of JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates on the growth, nutrient quality and soil nutrient of Pennisetum giganteum. JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer was produced using endogenous nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains isolated from the roots of P. giganteum. A field trial was carried out with a randomised complete block design and five treatments: no fertilizer (blank control, CK0), sterilized JUNCAO nitrogen-fixation biofertilizer (substrate control, CK1), a full rate of chemical fertilizer (FHF), JUNCAO nitrogen-fixation biofertilizer (T1), JUNCAO nitrogen-fixation biofertilizer together with a 75% rate of chemical fertilizer (T2). Our results showed that compared with no fertilizer, the application of JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer alone and JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer with a 75% rate of chemical fertilizer treatment significantly boosted plant growth and yield, and improved the forage quality and soil physical and chemical properties in stands of P. giganteum. Compared with the full-rate chemical fertilizer application, application of JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer alone reduced the yield, the herbage crude fiber, lignin, and crude ash contents and soil alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and the soil organic matter levels of P. giganteum to different degrees. However, for the treatment of JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer with a 75% rate of chemical fertilizer the number of leaves, the tiller number, herbage crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and crude ash content of P. giganteum were significantly higher than that of single application of chemical fertilizer, while the yield, plant height, crude fat content and soil alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter content of P. giganteum were higher than those at the full rate of chemical fertilizer but the differences were not significant. The neutral detergent fiber level was significantly lower than that of the full rate of chemical fertilizer. In summary, tactically reducing the application rate of chemical fertilizer combined with application JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer (a 75% rate of chemical fertilizer+JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer) showed indications of improved crop vigor in P. giganteum, and also significantly improved the herbage nutritional quality and soil nutrient status of P. giganteum to a moderate degree.

Key words: JUNCAO nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer, Pennisetum giganteum, yield, nutritional quality