撒播量对大豆茎秆特性和产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019514

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以粒重和植株生长特性存在差异的两个大豆品种南豆12和南夏豆25为试验材料,分析不同撒播量下的大豆成活株数、茎秆特征和产量构成因素,为人工撒播的实际应用提供依据。结果表明:1)相同撒播量条件下,南豆12单位面积出苗数显著高于南夏豆25,成株数和成株率则显著低于南夏豆25,成株数表现为品种和撒播量互作显著。2)随着撒播量的增加,大豆茎秆粗度显著减小,主茎高度、重心高度和节间长度显著增加;群体密度的增加促进茎秆的伸长生长、抑制横向生长;茎秆机械强度和抗倒指数下降,倒伏率增加。品种间表现为南夏豆25对群体密度的增加响应更为敏感。3)随着撒播量的增加,南豆12单株粒数的下降幅度大于南夏豆25,百粒重的降幅小于南夏豆25,品种间产量构成因素对撒播量的响应程度不同;随着撒播量的增加,单位面积成活株数增加,群体产量表现为先升后降。品种间单株粒重无显著差异,成株数对产量形成的影响较倒伏更为明显,南豆12在90 kg·hm^-2时产量最高,南夏豆25则在120 kg·hm^-2时产量最高。

关键词: 撒播量, 茎秆特性, 机械强度, 倒伏, 产量

Abstract: Two soybean varieties, Nandou12 (ND₁₂) and Nandou25 (ND₂₅), with different 100-seed weight and growth characteristics were used in field experiment to investigate the maturation rate, stem growth characteristics and yield at different sowing rates. It was found that seedling density of ND₁₂ was higher than that of ND₂₅ with the same sowing rate, but the mature plant number of ND₁₂ was lower and the maturation rate was slower than for ND₂₅. The variety×sowing rate interaction effect for mature plant number was significant. With increased sowing rate, stem diameter decreased significantly. However, stem height, height of the stem center of gravity and internode length increased significantly. Elongation growth of the stem was promoted, but increase in stem diameter was restrained. ND₂₅ was more sensitive to increase in plant density than ND₁₂. ND₁₂ had a higher reduction in seed number per plant with increased plant density than ND₂₅, but a lower reduction in 100-seed weight. The plant density response of various yield components differed between varieties. As the sowing rate and mature plant number increased, the stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance index decreased, while yield increased initially and then decreased. There was no significant difference between varieties for plant seed weight while the effect of density on yield formation was more important than that of lodging. ND₁₂ and ND₂₅ have the highest yield at 90 and 120 kg·ha^-1, respectively.

Key words: sowing quantity, stem characteristics, mechanical strength, lodging, yield

于晓波, 梁建秋, 何泽民, 周全卢, 吴海英, 张明荣. 撒播量对大豆茎秆特性和产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(9): 117-124.

YU Xiao-bo, LIANG Jian-qiu, HE Ze-min, ZHOU Quan-lu, WU Hai-ying, ZHANG Ming-rong. Response of stem characteristics and yield to sowing rate in soybean[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(9): 117-124.

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