草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 59-70.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020432
吴科生1,2(), 车宗贤1,2(), 包兴国1,2, 张久东1,2, 卢秉林1,2, 杨新强1,2, 杨蕊菊1,2
收稿日期:
2020-09-27
修回日期:
2020-11-11
出版日期:
2021-11-11
发布日期:
2021-11-11
通讯作者:
车宗贤
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: chezongxian@163.com基金资助:
Ke-sheng WU1,2(), Zong-xian CHE1,2(), Xing-guo BAO1,2, Jiu-dong ZHANG1,2, Bing-lin LU1,2, Xin-qiang YANG1,2, Rui-ju YANG1,2
Received:
2020-09-27
Revised:
2020-11-11
Online:
2021-11-11
Published:
2021-11-11
Contact:
Zong-xian CHE
摘要:
系统研究长期秸秆还田对河西绿洲灌区灌漠土壤养分的演变规律、土壤肥力特征的影响,分析作物产量及稳定性和持续性,为秸秆还田培肥土壤和资源化利用提供科学和理论依据。利用河西绿洲灌区31年(1988-2018年)的灌漠土长期定位培肥试验,开展了以秸秆与磷肥配施(SP)、秸秆与氮磷肥配施[1/2(S+N)P]、氮磷配施(NP)、不施肥(CK)为处理的田间定位试验,测定了耕层0~20 cm土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、pH,研究了长期秸秆还田对小麦/玉米间作体系灌漠土土壤养分演变规律和作物产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田第31年和逐年平均值与试验初始值相比,土壤有机质增加73.3%和25.8%,土壤全氮增加50.6%和21.7%,土壤全磷增加22.5%和3.8%,土壤全钾含量增加19.9%和38.2%;与对照(CK)相比,土壤有机质增加55.3%和20.0%;土壤全氮增加28.8%和15.9%,土壤全磷增加50.2%和13.4%;土壤全钾增加23.5%和0.2%。秸秆连续还田9年后小麦产量比对照平均降低5.8%,第10年开始小麦产量逐年增加,比对照平均增加65.9%。玉米产量在秸秆连续还田13年间比对照平均降低8.2%,之后较对照平均增加22.0%。河西绿洲灌区灌漠土长期施用秸秆或秸秆氮磷肥配施,土壤培肥效果均显著优于单施化肥,可显著增加土壤有机质含量,提升土壤肥力,秸秆与氮磷化肥配施能持续提升作物产量及其稳定性和可持续性。
吴科生, 车宗贤, 包兴国, 张久东, 卢秉林, 杨新强, 杨蕊菊. 河西绿洲灌区灌漠土长期秸秆还田土壤肥力和作物产量特征分析[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(12): 59-70.
Ke-sheng WU, Zong-xian CHE, Xing-guo BAO, Jiu-dong ZHANG, Bing-lin LU, Xin-qiang YANG, Rui-ju YANG. Analysis of soil fertility and crop yield characteristics following long-term straw return to the field in a Hexi Oasis irrigated area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 59-70.
图1 不同施肥处理对土壤有机质含量和pH的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。The different small letters mean the significant differences (P<0.05).
Fig.1 Contents of soil organic matter and soil pH under different fertilization treatments
项目Item | SOM | pH | TN | AN | TP | AP | TK | AK | WY | MY |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 0.216 | |||||||||
TN | 0.936** | 0.222 | ||||||||
AN | 0.739** | 0.237 | 0.779** | |||||||
TP | 0.745** | 0.438 | 0.879** | 0.665* | ||||||
AP | 0.872** | 0.231 | 0.950** | 0.810** | 0.918** | |||||
TK | 0.618** | 0.198 | 0.633* | 0.167 | 0.420 | 0.504 | ||||
AK | 0.644** | 0.409 | 0.636* | 0.531 | 0.337 | 0.614* | 0.433 | |||
WY | 0.053 | 0.518 | 0.228 | 0.062 | 0.586* | 0.272 | 0.012 | 0.438 | ||
MY | 0.025 | 0.595* | 0.239 | 0.229 | 0.592* | 0.325 | 0.029 | 0.469 | 0.814** | |
TY | 0.034 | 0.596* | 0.245 | 0.191 | 0.614* | 0.323 | 0.025 | 0.478 | 0.899** | 0.986** |
表1 土壤养分特征与作物产量的相关关系
Table 1 Correlation coefficients of soil nutrient characteristics and yield of crops
项目Item | SOM | pH | TN | AN | TP | AP | TK | AK | WY | MY |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 0.216 | |||||||||
TN | 0.936** | 0.222 | ||||||||
AN | 0.739** | 0.237 | 0.779** | |||||||
TP | 0.745** | 0.438 | 0.879** | 0.665* | ||||||
AP | 0.872** | 0.231 | 0.950** | 0.810** | 0.918** | |||||
TK | 0.618** | 0.198 | 0.633* | 0.167 | 0.420 | 0.504 | ||||
AK | 0.644** | 0.409 | 0.636* | 0.531 | 0.337 | 0.614* | 0.433 | |||
WY | 0.053 | 0.518 | 0.228 | 0.062 | 0.586* | 0.272 | 0.012 | 0.438 | ||
MY | 0.025 | 0.595* | 0.239 | 0.229 | 0.592* | 0.325 | 0.029 | 0.469 | 0.814** | |
TY | 0.034 | 0.596* | 0.245 | 0.191 | 0.614* | 0.323 | 0.025 | 0.478 | 0.899** | 0.986** |
处理 Treatment | 小麦Wheat | 玉米Maize | 小麦玉米体系Wheat-maize system | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV | SYI | FCR | CV | SYI | FCR | CV | SYI | FCR | |
SP | 34.2 | 41.5 | 25.1 | 47.5 | 28.2 | 14.0 | 31.8 | 43.9 | 19.6 |
1/2(S+N)P | 39.7 | 45.3 | 52.4 | 26.0 | 60.7 | 55.4 | 19.8 | 67.9 | 56.6 |
NP | 36.6 | 49.1 | 53.9 | 27.2 | 54.7 | 58.7 | 20.6 | 62.7 | 59.7 |
CK | 62.5 | 16.9 | - | 43.7 | 37.9 | - | 26.0 | 46.1 | - |
表2 施肥对作物产量稳定性、可持续性和肥料贡献率的影响
Table 2 Effects of fertilization on crop yield stability, sustainability and fertilizer contribution rate (%)
处理 Treatment | 小麦Wheat | 玉米Maize | 小麦玉米体系Wheat-maize system | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV | SYI | FCR | CV | SYI | FCR | CV | SYI | FCR | |
SP | 34.2 | 41.5 | 25.1 | 47.5 | 28.2 | 14.0 | 31.8 | 43.9 | 19.6 |
1/2(S+N)P | 39.7 | 45.3 | 52.4 | 26.0 | 60.7 | 55.4 | 19.8 | 67.9 | 56.6 |
NP | 36.6 | 49.1 | 53.9 | 27.2 | 54.7 | 58.7 | 20.6 | 62.7 | 59.7 |
CK | 62.5 | 16.9 | - | 43.7 | 37.9 | - | 26.0 | 46.1 | - |
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