草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 5-16.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020449
收稿日期:
2020-10-13
修回日期:
2020-12-07
出版日期:
2021-11-11
发布日期:
2021-11-11
通讯作者:
唐增
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: tangz@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Shi-qi GUAN(), Rui-tong DONG, Zeng TANG()
Received:
2020-10-13
Revised:
2020-12-07
Online:
2021-11-11
Published:
2021-11-11
Contact:
Zeng TANG
摘要:
基于青藏高原西藏那曲市的183户牧户数据,运用双栏模型探讨了资本禀赋的各要素对牧民减畜行为决策的影响。结果表明: 1)样本区牧户的减畜意愿较高,整体来看有61.40%的牧户愿意减畜,且愿意减畜的牧户当中,有67.16%的牧户愿意减畜的比例为当前养殖数量的30%及以下。2)经济资本中的牧业收入和拥有的房产价值对牧民的减畜意愿具有显著的促进作用,而家庭贷款、政府补贴和牲畜数量均对牧民的减畜意愿具有显著的抑制作用。在愿意减畜的条件下,家庭贷款、家庭储蓄、固定资产对牧民的减畜程度具有显著的抑制作用。3)文化资本中的受教育程度对牧民的减畜意愿具有显著的促进作用。4)社会资本中的制度信任和人际网络对减畜意愿具有显著的正向促进作用,而组织网络对减畜意愿具有显著的抑制作用,在愿意减畜的情况下,制度约束对牧民的减畜程度具有显著的抑制作用。
关士琪, 董芮彤, 唐增. 资本禀赋视角下牧户的减畜行为及影响因素研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(12): 5-16.
Shi-qi GUAN, Rui-tong DONG, Zeng TANG. Research into herdsmens’ decisions on livestock reduction and factors influencing their behavior, from a capital endowment perspective[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 5-16.
变量 Variable | 项目 Item | 变量说明 Variable declaration | 变量定义 Variable definition | 均值 Mean | 标准差 SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
牧民的减畜行为Herders reducing livestock | 减畜行为 Reduced-livestock behavior | 是否愿意减畜Willingness to reduce livestock | 1: 愿意Willing; 0: 不愿意Unwilling | 0.6140 | 0.4880 |
减畜程度 Degree of reduction of livestock | 减畜程度Degree of reduction of livestock | 愿意减畜的比例。The percentage of willing to reduce livestock. | 0.3070 | 0.2372 | |
经济资本 (自变量) Economic capital (Independent variable) | 金融资本 Financial capital (×104 CNY) | 牧业收入The animal husbandry income | 过去一年的牧业收入(牲畜和副产品收入)。Over the past year the income of animal husbandry (livestock and by-product income). | 2.6164 | 3.6536 |
家庭贷款Household loans | 过去一年贷款的数量。Amount of loans in the past year. | 2.9628 | 5.4403 | ||
政府补贴Government subsidies | 草原生态方面的补贴。Grassland ecological subsidies. | 0.5975 | 0.8204 | ||
家庭积蓄Household savings | 家庭的储蓄额。Household savings. | 3.2816 | 5.9846 | ||
牧业资本 Animal husbandry capital | 草场面积Pasture area (hm2) | 自家草场的面积。The area of their own pasture. | 364.0582 | 11.1097 | |
牲畜数量The number of livestock(折算为羊单位Converted into sheep units) | 过去一年家庭养殖牲畜数量Number of household livestock raised in the past year: 1, ≤100; 2, 100~200; 3, 200~300; 4, 300~400; 5, >400. | 2.3932 | 1.2976 | ||
固定资产Fixed assets (×104 CNY) | 农机等设备的折现总价值。Discounted total value of agricultural machinery and other equipment. | 1.3330 | 2.4724 | ||
房产价值The value of real estate owned (×104 CNY) | 拥有的房产以现在的折算总价值。The current converted total value of real estate owned. | 29.2554 | 28.3099 | ||
文化资本(自变量) Cultural capital (Independent variable) | 教育文化Education culture | 文化程度Level of education | 受访者教育程度Education level of interviewees: 1, 小学以下Primary school level or below; 2, 小学Primary school; 3, 初中Junior high school; 4, 高中及以上Senior high school or above. | 1.3860 | 0.6074 |
传统文化Traditional culture | 户口类型Type of household | 1: 牧业户口Animal husbandry registered permanent residence; 0: 非牧业户口Non-animal husbandry account. | 0.6558 | 0.4762 | |
技术文化Technology culture | 技术培训Technical training | 是否受过技术培训Whether technically trained: 1, 有受过技术培训Technically trained; 0, 没有技术培训No technical training. | 0.1349 | 0.3424 | |
社会资本 (自变量) Social capital (Independent variable) | 社会信任 Social trust | 制度信任Institutional trust | 对村干部的信任程度:1~20分由低到高打分。The level of trust in village officials: 1-20 points from low to high. | 8.5093 | 1.6466 |
社会网络 Social network | 人际网络Social network | 过去一年家庭成员参加宗教等集体活动的次数The number of times family members participated in religious and other collective activities in the past year: 1, 0; 2, 1~5; 3, 5~10; 4, 10~20; 5, >20. | 3.0493 | 1.2537 | |
组织网络Interpersonal network (km) | 离最近的公路的距离。Distance to the nearest road. | 12.6248 | 53.6984 | ||
社会规范 Social norms | 制度约束Moral restraint | 本人遵守村规民约的程度The degree of complying with the village rules and regulations: 1, 基本不遵守Basically not complying; 2, 有时遵守Sometimes complying; 3, 都遵守All complying. | 2.9349 | 0.2987 | |
控制变量 Control variable | 扩大养殖规模Expand the scale of breeding | 是否有扩大牲畜养殖规模的想法Whether there is any idea of expanding the scale of livestock production: 1, 有Yes; 0, 无No. | 0.2523 | 0.4354 | |
饲草料成本Forage cost (×104 CNY) | 牧户家庭的饲草料成本。Forage cost of herdsman family. | 0.3504 | 1.1203 |
表1 变量的定义与描述性统计
Table 1 Variables’ meaning and description
变量 Variable | 项目 Item | 变量说明 Variable declaration | 变量定义 Variable definition | 均值 Mean | 标准差 SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
牧民的减畜行为Herders reducing livestock | 减畜行为 Reduced-livestock behavior | 是否愿意减畜Willingness to reduce livestock | 1: 愿意Willing; 0: 不愿意Unwilling | 0.6140 | 0.4880 |
减畜程度 Degree of reduction of livestock | 减畜程度Degree of reduction of livestock | 愿意减畜的比例。The percentage of willing to reduce livestock. | 0.3070 | 0.2372 | |
经济资本 (自变量) Economic capital (Independent variable) | 金融资本 Financial capital (×104 CNY) | 牧业收入The animal husbandry income | 过去一年的牧业收入(牲畜和副产品收入)。Over the past year the income of animal husbandry (livestock and by-product income). | 2.6164 | 3.6536 |
家庭贷款Household loans | 过去一年贷款的数量。Amount of loans in the past year. | 2.9628 | 5.4403 | ||
政府补贴Government subsidies | 草原生态方面的补贴。Grassland ecological subsidies. | 0.5975 | 0.8204 | ||
家庭积蓄Household savings | 家庭的储蓄额。Household savings. | 3.2816 | 5.9846 | ||
牧业资本 Animal husbandry capital | 草场面积Pasture area (hm2) | 自家草场的面积。The area of their own pasture. | 364.0582 | 11.1097 | |
牲畜数量The number of livestock(折算为羊单位Converted into sheep units) | 过去一年家庭养殖牲畜数量Number of household livestock raised in the past year: 1, ≤100; 2, 100~200; 3, 200~300; 4, 300~400; 5, >400. | 2.3932 | 1.2976 | ||
固定资产Fixed assets (×104 CNY) | 农机等设备的折现总价值。Discounted total value of agricultural machinery and other equipment. | 1.3330 | 2.4724 | ||
房产价值The value of real estate owned (×104 CNY) | 拥有的房产以现在的折算总价值。The current converted total value of real estate owned. | 29.2554 | 28.3099 | ||
文化资本(自变量) Cultural capital (Independent variable) | 教育文化Education culture | 文化程度Level of education | 受访者教育程度Education level of interviewees: 1, 小学以下Primary school level or below; 2, 小学Primary school; 3, 初中Junior high school; 4, 高中及以上Senior high school or above. | 1.3860 | 0.6074 |
传统文化Traditional culture | 户口类型Type of household | 1: 牧业户口Animal husbandry registered permanent residence; 0: 非牧业户口Non-animal husbandry account. | 0.6558 | 0.4762 | |
技术文化Technology culture | 技术培训Technical training | 是否受过技术培训Whether technically trained: 1, 有受过技术培训Technically trained; 0, 没有技术培训No technical training. | 0.1349 | 0.3424 | |
社会资本 (自变量) Social capital (Independent variable) | 社会信任 Social trust | 制度信任Institutional trust | 对村干部的信任程度:1~20分由低到高打分。The level of trust in village officials: 1-20 points from low to high. | 8.5093 | 1.6466 |
社会网络 Social network | 人际网络Social network | 过去一年家庭成员参加宗教等集体活动的次数The number of times family members participated in religious and other collective activities in the past year: 1, 0; 2, 1~5; 3, 5~10; 4, 10~20; 5, >20. | 3.0493 | 1.2537 | |
组织网络Interpersonal network (km) | 离最近的公路的距离。Distance to the nearest road. | 12.6248 | 53.6984 | ||
社会规范 Social norms | 制度约束Moral restraint | 本人遵守村规民约的程度The degree of complying with the village rules and regulations: 1, 基本不遵守Basically not complying; 2, 有时遵守Sometimes complying; 3, 都遵守All complying. | 2.9349 | 0.2987 | |
控制变量 Control variable | 扩大养殖规模Expand the scale of breeding | 是否有扩大牲畜养殖规模的想法Whether there is any idea of expanding the scale of livestock production: 1, 有Yes; 0, 无No. | 0.2523 | 0.4354 | |
饲草料成本Forage cost (×104 CNY) | 牧户家庭的饲草料成本。Forage cost of herdsman family. | 0.3504 | 1.1203 |
变量 Variable | 分类 Classification | 比例 Percentage (%) | 变量 Variable | 分类 Classification | 比例 Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄Age | ≤30 | 0.05 | 草场面积 Pasture area (hm2) | ≤67 | 21.08 |
30~40 | 10.69 | 67~200 | 23.53 | ||
40~50 | 27.45 | 200~333 | 19.61 | ||
50~60 | 26.04 | 333~533 | 19.60 | ||
>60 | 29.77 | ≥533 | 16.18 | ||
家庭人口 Family size | 1~2 | 8.84 | 牲畜数量 Number of livestock (羊单位Sheep unit) | ≤100 | 31.55 |
3~5 | 38.14 | 100~300 | 47.58 | ||
5~8 | 38.14 | 300~400 | 11.16 | ||
>8 | 14.88 | >400 | 9.71 | ||
教育年限 Years of education (a) | 0 | 66.05 | 减畜程度 Degree of reduction of livestock | ≤0.1 | 32.09 |
1~6 | 29.76 | 0.1~0.3 | 35.07 | ||
6~9 | 3.26 | 0.3~0.5 | 16.42 | ||
>9 | 0.93 | >0.5 | 16.42 |
表2 样本的基本特征
Table 2 The basic characteristic of the samples
变量 Variable | 分类 Classification | 比例 Percentage (%) | 变量 Variable | 分类 Classification | 比例 Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄Age | ≤30 | 0.05 | 草场面积 Pasture area (hm2) | ≤67 | 21.08 |
30~40 | 10.69 | 67~200 | 23.53 | ||
40~50 | 27.45 | 200~333 | 19.61 | ||
50~60 | 26.04 | 333~533 | 19.60 | ||
>60 | 29.77 | ≥533 | 16.18 | ||
家庭人口 Family size | 1~2 | 8.84 | 牲畜数量 Number of livestock (羊单位Sheep unit) | ≤100 | 31.55 |
3~5 | 38.14 | 100~300 | 47.58 | ||
5~8 | 38.14 | 300~400 | 11.16 | ||
>8 | 14.88 | >400 | 9.71 | ||
教育年限 Years of education (a) | 0 | 66.05 | 减畜程度 Degree of reduction of livestock | ≤0.1 | 32.09 |
1~6 | 29.76 | 0.1~0.3 | 35.07 | ||
6~9 | 3.26 | 0.3~0.5 | 16.42 | ||
>9 | 0.93 | >0.5 | 16.42 |
变量Variable | 方差膨胀因子Variance inflation factor (VIF) | 方差膨胀因子的倒数1/VIF |
---|---|---|
牲畜数量The number of livestock | 1.6800 | 0.5951 |
户口类型Type of household | 1.5900 | 0.6299 |
牧业收入The animal husbandry income | 1.5000 | 0.6657 |
人际网络Social network | 1.3600 | 0.7328 |
组织网络Interpersonal network | 1.3400 | 0.7472 |
教育程度Level of education | 1.3200 | 0.7551 |
家庭贷款Household loans | 1.2800 | 0.7801 |
固定资产Fixed assets | 1.2700 | 0.7862 |
政策补贴Government subsidies | 1.2700 | 0.7869 |
饲草料成本Forage cost | 1.2100 | 0.8286 |
制度信任Institutional trust | 1.2000 | 0.8316 |
扩大养殖规模Expand the scale of breeding | 1.2000 | 0.8327 |
房产价值The value of real estate owned | 1.1800 | 0.8467 |
草场面积Pasture area | 1.1400 | 0.8734 |
制度约束Institutional constraints | 1.1200 | 0.8932 |
技术培训Technical training | 1.1100 | 0.9004 |
家庭储蓄额Household savings | 1.1000 | 0.9112 |
方差膨胀因子均值Mean VIF | 1.2900 |
表3 对自变量的多重共线性检验
Table 3 Results of multicollinearity diagnostic
变量Variable | 方差膨胀因子Variance inflation factor (VIF) | 方差膨胀因子的倒数1/VIF |
---|---|---|
牲畜数量The number of livestock | 1.6800 | 0.5951 |
户口类型Type of household | 1.5900 | 0.6299 |
牧业收入The animal husbandry income | 1.5000 | 0.6657 |
人际网络Social network | 1.3600 | 0.7328 |
组织网络Interpersonal network | 1.3400 | 0.7472 |
教育程度Level of education | 1.3200 | 0.7551 |
家庭贷款Household loans | 1.2800 | 0.7801 |
固定资产Fixed assets | 1.2700 | 0.7862 |
政策补贴Government subsidies | 1.2700 | 0.7869 |
饲草料成本Forage cost | 1.2100 | 0.8286 |
制度信任Institutional trust | 1.2000 | 0.8316 |
扩大养殖规模Expand the scale of breeding | 1.2000 | 0.8327 |
房产价值The value of real estate owned | 1.1800 | 0.8467 |
草场面积Pasture area | 1.1400 | 0.8734 |
制度约束Institutional constraints | 1.1200 | 0.8932 |
技术培训Technical training | 1.1100 | 0.9004 |
家庭储蓄额Household savings | 1.1000 | 0.9112 |
方差膨胀因子均值Mean VIF | 1.2900 |
生计资本 Livelihood capital | 分类 Classification | 变量 Variable | 减畜意愿 Willingness to reduce livestock | 减畜程度 Degree of reduction of livestock | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
系数 Coefficient | 标准误 SE | 边际效应 Marginal effect | 系数 Coefficient | 标准误 SE | |||
经济资本 Economic capital | 金融资本 Financial capital | 牧业收入The animal husbandry income | 0.1155*** | 0.0426 | 0.0340 | 0.0013 | 0.0060 |
家庭贷款Household loans | -0.0490** | 0.0203 | -0.0144 | -0.0079** | 0.0034 | ||
政府补贴Government subsidies | -0.2778** | 0.1329 | -0.0817 | 0.0246 | 0.0423 | ||
家庭储蓄Household savings | -0.0285 | 0.0189 | -0.0084 | -0.0059* | 0.0033 | ||
牧业资本 Animal husbandry capital | 草场面积Pasture area | 0.0088 | 0.0103 | 0.0026 | 0.0002 | 0.0011 | |
牲畜数量The number of livestock | -0.2121** | 0.1002 | -0.0624 | -0.0068 | 0.0201 | ||
固定资产Fixed assets | -0.0521 | 0.0435 | -0.0153 | -0.0141* | 0.0083 | ||
房产价值The value of real estate owned | 0.0099** | 0.0049 | 0.0029 | -0.0012 | 0.0008 | ||
文化资本 Cultural capital | 教育文化Education culture | 文化程度Level of education | 0.3569* | 0.1969 | 0.1050 | -0.0123 | 0.0373 |
传统文化Traditional culture | 户口类型Type of household | 0.1895 | 0.2584 | 0.0558 | 0.0881 | 0.0535 | |
技术文化Technology culture | 技术培训Technical training | -0.0675 | 0.3113 | -0.0199 | 0.0325 | 0.0487 | |
社会资本 Social capital | 社会信任Social trust | 制度信任Institutional trust | 0.2093*** | 0.0729 | 0.0616 | -0.0077 | 0.0229 |
社会网络 Social network | 人际网络Social network | 0.3630*** | 0.1019 | 0.1068 | -0.0065 | 0.0220 | |
组织网络Interpersonal network | -0.0105** | 0.0051 | -0.0031 | 0.0015 | 0.0024 | ||
社会规范Social norms | 道德约束Moral restraint | 0.0869 | 0.3665 | 0.0256 | -0.1156*** | 0.0434 | |
控制变量Control variable | 扩大养殖量Expand the scale of breeding | -0.5302** | 0.2658 | -0.1559 | -0.0596 | 0.0590 | |
饲草料成本Forage cost | -0.2746* | 0.1530 | -0.0808 | -0.0014 | 0.0527 | ||
常数项Constant term | -2.6980 | 0.7734** | 0.2963 | ||||
对数似然函数值Log likelihood | -95.243919 | ||||||
卡方检验统计量LR chi2 (18) | 57.93 | ||||||
Prob>chi2 | 0.0000 | ||||||
Pseudo R2 | 0.2332 |
表4 牧民减畜意愿的双栏模型
Table 4 The double-hurdle mode of herdsmen’s willingness to reduce livestock
生计资本 Livelihood capital | 分类 Classification | 变量 Variable | 减畜意愿 Willingness to reduce livestock | 减畜程度 Degree of reduction of livestock | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
系数 Coefficient | 标准误 SE | 边际效应 Marginal effect | 系数 Coefficient | 标准误 SE | |||
经济资本 Economic capital | 金融资本 Financial capital | 牧业收入The animal husbandry income | 0.1155*** | 0.0426 | 0.0340 | 0.0013 | 0.0060 |
家庭贷款Household loans | -0.0490** | 0.0203 | -0.0144 | -0.0079** | 0.0034 | ||
政府补贴Government subsidies | -0.2778** | 0.1329 | -0.0817 | 0.0246 | 0.0423 | ||
家庭储蓄Household savings | -0.0285 | 0.0189 | -0.0084 | -0.0059* | 0.0033 | ||
牧业资本 Animal husbandry capital | 草场面积Pasture area | 0.0088 | 0.0103 | 0.0026 | 0.0002 | 0.0011 | |
牲畜数量The number of livestock | -0.2121** | 0.1002 | -0.0624 | -0.0068 | 0.0201 | ||
固定资产Fixed assets | -0.0521 | 0.0435 | -0.0153 | -0.0141* | 0.0083 | ||
房产价值The value of real estate owned | 0.0099** | 0.0049 | 0.0029 | -0.0012 | 0.0008 | ||
文化资本 Cultural capital | 教育文化Education culture | 文化程度Level of education | 0.3569* | 0.1969 | 0.1050 | -0.0123 | 0.0373 |
传统文化Traditional culture | 户口类型Type of household | 0.1895 | 0.2584 | 0.0558 | 0.0881 | 0.0535 | |
技术文化Technology culture | 技术培训Technical training | -0.0675 | 0.3113 | -0.0199 | 0.0325 | 0.0487 | |
社会资本 Social capital | 社会信任Social trust | 制度信任Institutional trust | 0.2093*** | 0.0729 | 0.0616 | -0.0077 | 0.0229 |
社会网络 Social network | 人际网络Social network | 0.3630*** | 0.1019 | 0.1068 | -0.0065 | 0.0220 | |
组织网络Interpersonal network | -0.0105** | 0.0051 | -0.0031 | 0.0015 | 0.0024 | ||
社会规范Social norms | 道德约束Moral restraint | 0.0869 | 0.3665 | 0.0256 | -0.1156*** | 0.0434 | |
控制变量Control variable | 扩大养殖量Expand the scale of breeding | -0.5302** | 0.2658 | -0.1559 | -0.0596 | 0.0590 | |
饲草料成本Forage cost | -0.2746* | 0.1530 | -0.0808 | -0.0014 | 0.0527 | ||
常数项Constant term | -2.6980 | 0.7734** | 0.2963 | ||||
对数似然函数值Log likelihood | -95.243919 | ||||||
卡方检验统计量LR chi2 (18) | 57.93 | ||||||
Prob>chi2 | 0.0000 | ||||||
Pseudo R2 | 0.2332 |
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