草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 86-95.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021362
马艳珠1(), 张文广1, 李冉1, 成春亚1, 吴海旭1, 晋玲1,2,3(), 崔治家1,2,3(), 马毅1,2,3, 王振恒1,2,3, 王圆圆1,2,3
收稿日期:
2021-09-27
修回日期:
2021-11-29
出版日期:
2022-09-20
发布日期:
2022-08-12
通讯作者:
晋玲,崔治家
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: zhijiacui@126.com基金资助:
Yan-zhu MA1(), Wen-guang ZHANG1, Ran LI1, Chun-ya CHENG1, Hai-xu WU1, Ling JIN1,2,3(), Zhi-jia CUI1,2,3(), Yi MA1,2,3, Zhen-heng WANG1,2,3, Yuan-yuan WANG1,2,3
Received:
2021-09-27
Revised:
2021-11-29
Online:
2022-09-20
Published:
2022-08-12
Contact:
Ling JIN,Zhi-jia CUI
摘要:
以川贝母和暗紫贝母为试验材料,探讨不同播种方式、不同覆盖物、不同拌种方式、不同施肥量等栽培因素对川贝母及暗紫贝母种子萌发和种苗建成过程的影响。结果表明,同种处理下,两种贝母种子出苗率大多随播后天数的增加呈“S型”变化,规律性显著,暗紫贝母部分施肥处理的出苗率与播后天数呈幂函数正相关关系。在播后(30±3) d,两种贝母种子基本完全出苗,且同种处理下川贝母种子的萌发出苗生长整体上优于暗紫贝母。不同处理结果表明,条播优于撒播或垄播;覆盖麦草优于覆盖松针或草木灰或羊粪;不拌种处理优于草木灰拌种或羊粪拌种;川贝母和暗紫贝母的最佳施肥量分别为氮2.00 g·m-2、磷4.90 g·m-2、钾1.25 g·m-2及氮0.00 g·m-2、磷9.80 g·m-2、钾2.50 g·m-2。
马艳珠, 张文广, 李冉, 成春亚, 吴海旭, 晋玲, 崔治家, 马毅, 王振恒, 王圆圆. 不同栽培因素处理对川贝母和暗紫贝母种苗建成的影响动态及比较研究[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(9): 86-95.
Yan-zhu MA, Wen-guang ZHANG, Ran LI, Chun-ya CHENG, Hai-xu WU, Ling JIN, Zhi-jia CUI, Yi MA, Zhen-heng WANG, Yuan-yuan WANG. A study of the different cultivation treatments and effects on the sowing process of Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria unibracteata[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(9): 86-95.
编号 Number | 处理 Treatments | 施肥量Fertilizer amount (g·m-2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
1 | N0P0K0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
2 | N0P2K2 | 0.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
3 | N1P2K2 | 1.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
4 | N2P0K2 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 2.50 |
5 | N2P1K2 | 2.00 | 4.90 | 2.50 |
6 | N2P2K2 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
7 | N2P3K2 | 2.00 | 14.70 | 2.50 |
8 | N2P2K0 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 0.00 |
9 | N2P2K1 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 1.25 |
10 | N2P2K3 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 3.75 |
11 | N3P2K2 | 3.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
12 | N1P1K2 | 1.00 | 4.90 | 2.50 |
13 | N1P2K1 | 1.00 | 9.80 | 1.25 |
14 | N2P1K1 | 2.00 | 4.90 | 1.25 |
表1 贝母育苗地“3414”施肥方案
Table 1 The “3414” fertilization scheme of Fritillaria breeding field
编号 Number | 处理 Treatments | 施肥量Fertilizer amount (g·m-2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
1 | N0P0K0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
2 | N0P2K2 | 0.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
3 | N1P2K2 | 1.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
4 | N2P0K2 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 2.50 |
5 | N2P1K2 | 2.00 | 4.90 | 2.50 |
6 | N2P2K2 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
7 | N2P3K2 | 2.00 | 14.70 | 2.50 |
8 | N2P2K0 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 0.00 |
9 | N2P2K1 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 1.25 |
10 | N2P2K3 | 2.00 | 9.80 | 3.75 |
11 | N3P2K2 | 3.00 | 9.80 | 2.50 |
12 | N1P1K2 | 1.00 | 4.90 | 2.50 |
13 | N1P2K1 | 1.00 | 9.80 | 1.25 |
14 | N2P1K1 | 2.00 | 4.90 | 1.25 |
播种方式 Sowing methods | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | 70.98±6.78Aa | 17.87±2.66Aa | 17.87±0.81Aa | 2.26±0.18Aa | 0.48±0.01Aa |
CT | 78.94±5.79Aa | 21.77±1.41Aa | 22.55±0.97Aa | 1.87±0.10Aa | 0.46±0.15ABa |
CL | 28.11±3.18Ba | 7.21±1.98Ba | 3.82±0.41Ba | 1.82±0.09Aa | 0.41±0.01Ba |
AS | 36.15±3.14Ab | 12.10±2.52Aa | 12.18±0.78ABa | 1.51±0.09Ab | 0.43±0.01Aa |
AT | 43.31±2.79Ab | 13.05±2.97Ab | 18.49±0.72Aa | 1.81±0.07Aa | 0.39±0.01Ab |
AL | 7.56±2.39Ba | 1.84±0.74Ba | 3.13±0.52Ba | 1.65±0.11Aa | 0.39±0.01Aa |
表2 不同播种方式对两种贝母属植物种子萌发出苗生长的影响
Table 2 Effects of different sowing methods on the seedling emergence and growth of two Fritillaria species
播种方式 Sowing methods | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | 70.98±6.78Aa | 17.87±2.66Aa | 17.87±0.81Aa | 2.26±0.18Aa | 0.48±0.01Aa |
CT | 78.94±5.79Aa | 21.77±1.41Aa | 22.55±0.97Aa | 1.87±0.10Aa | 0.46±0.15ABa |
CL | 28.11±3.18Ba | 7.21±1.98Ba | 3.82±0.41Ba | 1.82±0.09Aa | 0.41±0.01Ba |
AS | 36.15±3.14Ab | 12.10±2.52Aa | 12.18±0.78ABa | 1.51±0.09Ab | 0.43±0.01Aa |
AT | 43.31±2.79Ab | 13.05±2.97Ab | 18.49±0.72Aa | 1.81±0.07Aa | 0.39±0.01Ab |
AL | 7.56±2.39Ba | 1.84±0.74Ba | 3.13±0.52Ba | 1.65±0.11Aa | 0.39±0.01Aa |
覆盖物 Mulches | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSZ | 52.37±0.79Aa | 18.66±0.25Aa | 6.73±0.92ABa | 1.25±0.08ABa | 0.49±0.02Aa |
CYF | 3.86±2.08Ba | 1.74±1.49Ba | 0.45±0.06Ba | 0.95±0.07Ba | 0.47±0.02ABa |
CCMH | 9.71±0.57Ba | 2.49±0.75Ba | 1.22±0.14ABa | 1.26±0.10ABa | 0.50±0.02Aa |
CMC | 58.96±3.59Aa | 15.30±5.10ABa | 8.01±0.77Aa | 1.61±0.09Aa | 0.41±0.01Ba |
ASZ | 11.70±1.22Bb | 5.80±0.28Bb | 2.09±0.38ABa | 0.96±0.04Ba | 0.42±0.01Ab |
AYF | 0.09±0.05Ca | 0.00±0.00Da | 0.00±0.00Ba | 0.90±0.06Ba | 0.36±0.04Aa |
ACMH | 4.06±1.38Ca | 1.57±0.10Ca | 0.65±0.10ABa | 1.34±0.27ABa | 0.39±0.04Aa |
AMC | 35.36±4.26Ab | 9.76±0.18Aa | 6.95±0.66Aa | 1.54±0.07Aa | 0.45±0.01Aa |
表3 不同覆盖物对两种贝母属植物种子萌发出苗生长的影响
Table 3 Effects of different mulches on the seedling growth of two Fritillaria species
覆盖物 Mulches | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSZ | 52.37±0.79Aa | 18.66±0.25Aa | 6.73±0.92ABa | 1.25±0.08ABa | 0.49±0.02Aa |
CYF | 3.86±2.08Ba | 1.74±1.49Ba | 0.45±0.06Ba | 0.95±0.07Ba | 0.47±0.02ABa |
CCMH | 9.71±0.57Ba | 2.49±0.75Ba | 1.22±0.14ABa | 1.26±0.10ABa | 0.50±0.02Aa |
CMC | 58.96±3.59Aa | 15.30±5.10ABa | 8.01±0.77Aa | 1.61±0.09Aa | 0.41±0.01Ba |
ASZ | 11.70±1.22Bb | 5.80±0.28Bb | 2.09±0.38ABa | 0.96±0.04Ba | 0.42±0.01Ab |
AYF | 0.09±0.05Ca | 0.00±0.00Da | 0.00±0.00Ba | 0.90±0.06Ba | 0.36±0.04Aa |
ACMH | 4.06±1.38Ca | 1.57±0.10Ca | 0.65±0.10ABa | 1.34±0.27ABa | 0.39±0.04Aa |
AMC | 35.36±4.26Ab | 9.76±0.18Aa | 6.95±0.66Aa | 1.54±0.07Aa | 0.45±0.01Aa |
拌种方式 Seed dressing | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCMHB | 44.94±3.43Ba | 10.28±2.39Aa | 5.61±0.50Aa | 2.18±0.07Aa | 0.46±0.02Ba |
CCK | 76.37±2.36Aa | 28.61±2.69Aa | 10.08±1.02Aa | 2.00±0.09ABa | 0.97±0.12Aa |
CYFB | 9.37±1.08Ca | 2.49±1.02Aa | 1.31±0.13Aa | 1.71±0.09Ba | 0.44±0.02Ba |
ACMHB | 19.03±2.29Ab | 5.53±2.07Aa | 3.91±0.39Aa | 1.51±0.05Ab | 0.42±0.01Aa |
ACK | 33.21±1.57Ab | 15.96±2.46Aa | 6.77±0.94Aa | 1.75±0.07Aa | 0.40±0.01Ab |
AYFB | 15.47±2.78Aa | 6.26±2.60Aa | 2.94±0.38Aa | 1.28±0.04Bb | 0.44±0.01Aa |
表4 不同拌种方式对两种贝母属植物种子萌发出苗生长的影响
Table 4 Effects of different seed dressing methods on the seedling growth of two Fritillaria species
拌种方式 Seed dressing | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCMHB | 44.94±3.43Ba | 10.28±2.39Aa | 5.61±0.50Aa | 2.18±0.07Aa | 0.46±0.02Ba |
CCK | 76.37±2.36Aa | 28.61±2.69Aa | 10.08±1.02Aa | 2.00±0.09ABa | 0.97±0.12Aa |
CYFB | 9.37±1.08Ca | 2.49±1.02Aa | 1.31±0.13Aa | 1.71±0.09Ba | 0.44±0.02Ba |
ACMHB | 19.03±2.29Ab | 5.53±2.07Aa | 3.91±0.39Aa | 1.51±0.05Ab | 0.42±0.01Aa |
ACK | 33.21±1.57Ab | 15.96±2.46Aa | 6.77±0.94Aa | 1.75±0.07Aa | 0.40±0.01Ab |
AYFB | 15.47±2.78Aa | 6.26±2.60Aa | 2.94±0.38Aa | 1.28±0.04Bb | 0.44±0.01Aa |
施肥方式 Fertilizer treatments | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CN0P0K0 | 29.10±4.75Aa | 14.76±5.09ABa | 12.49±1.34ABa | 1.83±0.15Ba | 0.51±0.02Aa |
CN0P2K2 | 25.04±5.30Aa | 16.91±4.75ABa | 11.33±1.45ABb | 2.06±0.12ABa | 0.50±0.03Aa |
CN1P2K2 | 27.19±3.06Aa | 27.19±3.06Aa | 10.81±1.48ABa | 2.19±0.17ABa | 0.48±0.03Aa |
CN2P0K2 | 25.12±1.42Aa | 10.61±3.46Ba | 10.24±0.94ABa | 2.06±0.18ABa | 0.47±0.02Aa |
CN2P1K2 | 4.89±1.25Ba | 4.64±0.95Ba | 2.03±0.27Ba | 1.79±0.17Ba | 0.47±0.02Aa |
CN2P2K2 | 5.14±1.08Bb | 3.32±0.71Ba | 2.18±0.27Ba | 2.11±0.14ABa | 0.52±0.02Aa |
CN2P3K2 | 21.56±2.70Aa | 12.94±0.66ABa | 9.62±1.11ABa | 2.21±0.12ABa | 0.45±0.03Aa |
CN2P2K0 | 33.66±7.54Aa | 30.52±6.62Aa | 15.13±1.22Aa | 2.30±0.11ABa | 0.43±0.02Aa |
CN2P2K1 | 20.98±5.38ABa | 17.66±4.09ABa | 9.52±0.86ABa | 2.50±0.13ABa | 0.45±0.02Aa |
CN2P2K3 | 21.48±1.68Aa | 12.85±0.87ABa | 9.67±0.85ABa | 2.10±0.11ABa | 0.43±0.02Aa |
CN3P2K2 | 5.64±1.12Ba | 4.31±0.46Ba | 2.56±0.29Ba | 1.47±0.12Ba | 0.48±0.02Aa |
CN1P1K2 | 9.20±2.24Ba | 7.13±2.47Ba | 3.77±0.30Ba | 2.09±0.15ABa | 0.45±0.02Aa |
CN1P2K1 | 30.10±2.29Aa | 18.16±4.14ABa | 13.72±1.38Aa | 2.47±0.10ABa | 0.50±0.01Aa |
CN2P1K1 | 33.34±2.14Aa | 32.75±1.36Aa | 14.80±1.29Aa | 2.79±0.14Aa | 0.50±0.01Aa |
AN0P0K0 | 14.79±5.99BCa | 9.82±4.83ABa | 9.08±1.46BCa | 1.81±0.13Aa | 0.38±0.02Bb |
AN0P2K2 | 30.32±3.84Aa | 14.49±0.86Aa | 21.93±2.40Aa | 1.34±0.09ABb | 0.40±0.02ABa |
AN1P2K2 | 2.70±0.81Da | 2.45±0.96Db | 1.94±0.20Ca | 1.33±0.06Bb | 0.37±0.01Ba |
AN2P0K2 | 12.15±5.90BCa | 9.09±3.51ABa | 7.70±1.03BCa | 1.61±0.10ABa | 0.42±0.01ABa |
AN2P1K2 | 5.10±1.86CDa | 3.99±0.44Ca | 3.23±0.49Ca | 1.23±0.11Ba | 0.48±0.02Aa |
AN2P2K2 | 8.78±1.15Ca | 5.65±0.91BCa | 5.37±0.56BCa | 1.32±0.10Bb | 0.45±0.02ABa |
AN2P3K2 | 17.19±2.48Ba | 8.11±3.17ABa | 12.23±1.30Ba | 1.83±0.18Aa | 0.41±0.01ABa |
AN2P2K0 | 6.38±3.05CDa | 5.71±2.77BCb | 4.25±0.58BCb | 1.66±0.08ABb | 0.41±0.01ABa |
AN2P2K1 | 1.78±0.68Db | 1.23±0.31Eb | 1.02±0.09Ca | 1.67±0.03Ab | 0.37±0.05Ba |
AN2P2K3 | 1.41±0.25Db | 0.98±0.16Eb | 0.76±0.10Cb | 1.86±0.11Aa | 0.39±0.01Ba |
AN3P2K2 | 9.15±2.77BCa | 6.26±1.76BCa | 5.78±0.65BCa | 1.43±0.08ABa | 0.42±0.02ABa |
AN1P1K2 | 8.66±1.28Ca | 7.12±1.68Ba | 5.53±0.81BCa | 1.67±0.16ABa | 0.42±0.02ABa |
AN1P2K1 | 6.44±1.01CDa | 4.42±0.49Cb | 4.02±0.42BCb | 1.27±0.10Bb | 0.38±0.02Bb |
AN2P1K1 | 12.89±2.89BCa | 8.65±1.97ABb | 8.00±0.78BCa | 1.42±0.13ABb | 0.42±0.02ABa |
表5 不同施肥方式对两种贝母属植物种子萌发出苗生长的影响
Table 5 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on the seedling growth of two Fritillaria species
施肥方式 Fertilizer treatments | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) | 出苗势 Emergence potential (%) | 出苗指数 Emergence index | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 基径 Branch diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CN0P0K0 | 29.10±4.75Aa | 14.76±5.09ABa | 12.49±1.34ABa | 1.83±0.15Ba | 0.51±0.02Aa |
CN0P2K2 | 25.04±5.30Aa | 16.91±4.75ABa | 11.33±1.45ABb | 2.06±0.12ABa | 0.50±0.03Aa |
CN1P2K2 | 27.19±3.06Aa | 27.19±3.06Aa | 10.81±1.48ABa | 2.19±0.17ABa | 0.48±0.03Aa |
CN2P0K2 | 25.12±1.42Aa | 10.61±3.46Ba | 10.24±0.94ABa | 2.06±0.18ABa | 0.47±0.02Aa |
CN2P1K2 | 4.89±1.25Ba | 4.64±0.95Ba | 2.03±0.27Ba | 1.79±0.17Ba | 0.47±0.02Aa |
CN2P2K2 | 5.14±1.08Bb | 3.32±0.71Ba | 2.18±0.27Ba | 2.11±0.14ABa | 0.52±0.02Aa |
CN2P3K2 | 21.56±2.70Aa | 12.94±0.66ABa | 9.62±1.11ABa | 2.21±0.12ABa | 0.45±0.03Aa |
CN2P2K0 | 33.66±7.54Aa | 30.52±6.62Aa | 15.13±1.22Aa | 2.30±0.11ABa | 0.43±0.02Aa |
CN2P2K1 | 20.98±5.38ABa | 17.66±4.09ABa | 9.52±0.86ABa | 2.50±0.13ABa | 0.45±0.02Aa |
CN2P2K3 | 21.48±1.68Aa | 12.85±0.87ABa | 9.67±0.85ABa | 2.10±0.11ABa | 0.43±0.02Aa |
CN3P2K2 | 5.64±1.12Ba | 4.31±0.46Ba | 2.56±0.29Ba | 1.47±0.12Ba | 0.48±0.02Aa |
CN1P1K2 | 9.20±2.24Ba | 7.13±2.47Ba | 3.77±0.30Ba | 2.09±0.15ABa | 0.45±0.02Aa |
CN1P2K1 | 30.10±2.29Aa | 18.16±4.14ABa | 13.72±1.38Aa | 2.47±0.10ABa | 0.50±0.01Aa |
CN2P1K1 | 33.34±2.14Aa | 32.75±1.36Aa | 14.80±1.29Aa | 2.79±0.14Aa | 0.50±0.01Aa |
AN0P0K0 | 14.79±5.99BCa | 9.82±4.83ABa | 9.08±1.46BCa | 1.81±0.13Aa | 0.38±0.02Bb |
AN0P2K2 | 30.32±3.84Aa | 14.49±0.86Aa | 21.93±2.40Aa | 1.34±0.09ABb | 0.40±0.02ABa |
AN1P2K2 | 2.70±0.81Da | 2.45±0.96Db | 1.94±0.20Ca | 1.33±0.06Bb | 0.37±0.01Ba |
AN2P0K2 | 12.15±5.90BCa | 9.09±3.51ABa | 7.70±1.03BCa | 1.61±0.10ABa | 0.42±0.01ABa |
AN2P1K2 | 5.10±1.86CDa | 3.99±0.44Ca | 3.23±0.49Ca | 1.23±0.11Ba | 0.48±0.02Aa |
AN2P2K2 | 8.78±1.15Ca | 5.65±0.91BCa | 5.37±0.56BCa | 1.32±0.10Bb | 0.45±0.02ABa |
AN2P3K2 | 17.19±2.48Ba | 8.11±3.17ABa | 12.23±1.30Ba | 1.83±0.18Aa | 0.41±0.01ABa |
AN2P2K0 | 6.38±3.05CDa | 5.71±2.77BCb | 4.25±0.58BCb | 1.66±0.08ABb | 0.41±0.01ABa |
AN2P2K1 | 1.78±0.68Db | 1.23±0.31Eb | 1.02±0.09Ca | 1.67±0.03Ab | 0.37±0.05Ba |
AN2P2K3 | 1.41±0.25Db | 0.98±0.16Eb | 0.76±0.10Cb | 1.86±0.11Aa | 0.39±0.01Ba |
AN3P2K2 | 9.15±2.77BCa | 6.26±1.76BCa | 5.78±0.65BCa | 1.43±0.08ABa | 0.42±0.02ABa |
AN1P1K2 | 8.66±1.28Ca | 7.12±1.68Ba | 5.53±0.81BCa | 1.67±0.16ABa | 0.42±0.02ABa |
AN1P2K1 | 6.44±1.01CDa | 4.42±0.49Cb | 4.02±0.42BCb | 1.27±0.10Bb | 0.38±0.02Bb |
AN2P1K1 | 12.89±2.89BCa | 8.65±1.97ABb | 8.00±0.78BCa | 1.42±0.13ABb | 0.42±0.02ABa |
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[2] | 陈文年,肖小君,陈发军,王辉,张志勇,齐泽民,黄作喜. 暗紫贝母的繁殖器官在海拔梯度上的变异[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12): 155-163. |
[3] | 陈文年,陈发军,谢玉华,王淯,段辉国,齐泽民. 暗紫贝母的物候和鳞茎在海拔梯度上的变化[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(5): 319-324. |
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