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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022192

• 研究论文 •    

基于供给—消耗关系的青海省高寒草地承载力时空变化分析

高婕1(), 赵新全2, 刘文亭1, 杨晓霞1, 张春平1, 俞旸1, 曹铨1, 刘玉祯1, 张雪1, 董全民1,2()   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-27 修回日期:2022-06-08 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 董全民
  • 作者简介:. E-mail: qmdong@qhu.edu.cn
    高婕(1998-),女,甘肃白银人,在读硕士。E-mail: 919903397@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅创新平台建设专项(2020-ZJ-T07);国家自然科学基金项目(31772655)

Spatio-temporal analysis of the alpine grassland carrying capacity in Qinghai Province considering a supply-consumption relationship

Jie GAO1(), Xin-quan ZHAO2, Wen-ting LIU1, Xiao-xia YANG1, Chun-ping ZHANG1, Yang YU1, Quan CAO1, Yu-zhen LIU1, Xue ZHANG1, Quan-min DONG1,2()   

  1. 1.Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2022-04-27 Revised:2022-06-08 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Quan-min DONG

摘要:

青海省是青藏高原的重要组成部分,因此,探究当地的草畜平衡状况,揭示其草地生态系统承载能力的时空变化趋势,对实现草地资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本研究以青海省放牧家畜养殖为切入点,结合遥感影像数据与青海省畜牧业统计数据,对青海省草地生态系统的承载状态进行分析。结果显示:1)2005-2020年青海省放牧家畜数量共增长了25.35%;从家畜结构来看,玉树藏族自治州与果洛藏族自治州以牦牛饲养为主,海北藏族自治州、海南藏族自治州及海东市以绵羊饲养为主。2)青海省草地资源消耗量在这16年间增加了13.21%,总体表现为上升趋势,且各地级行政区间有所差异。3)青海省严重超载的地级行政区数量在2010年首次降至3个以下,整体草畜平衡状况于2013年表现最佳,草地承载压力总体有减缓趋势;分地区而言,压力增幅最明显的为海南藏族自治州,降幅最明显的为果洛藏族自治州。结果表明,2005-2020年青海省放牧家畜数量有所增加,但载畜压力有缓解趋势,省内各地级行政区在牲畜结构和压力变化方面都表现出了一定的差异性,明确了因地制宜的重要性。该结果可为青海省高寒草地生态管理及畜牧产业发展等方面提供科学依据。

关键词: 草畜平衡, 草地承载状态, 载畜压力, 草地资源消耗, 草地资源供给

Abstract:

Qinghai Province is an important part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To achieve the sustainable use of grassland resources in this region, it is important to explore the local grass-livestock balance and determine the spatial and temporal trends in the carrying capacity of its grassland ecosystem. In this study, we focused on animal husbandry in Qinghai Province, and combined remote sensing image data with livestock statistics to analyze the carrying state of grassland ecosystems in this province. It was found that: 1) According to the statistical yearbook provided by the Qinghai Provincial Bureau of Statistics, the number of grazing livestock in Qinghai Province increased by 25.35% between 2005 and 2020. In terms of livestock structure, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are dominated by yak breeding, while Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Haidong City are dominated by sheep breeding. 2) The consumption of grassland resources in Qinghai Province increased by 13.21% over 16 years, showing an overall increasing trend with differences among administrative regions. 3) The number of prefectures with severe overloading of livestock in Qinghai Province dropped to fewer than three in 2010 for the first time, and the best overall grass-livestock balance was in 2013. In general, the animal-grazing pressure has decreased over time. Sorted by region, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture showed the most obvious increase in carrying pressure, and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture showed the most obvious decrease in animal-grazing pressure. The results showed that the number of grazing livestock in Qinghai Province has increased between 2005 and 2020, but there has been a tendency for the grazing pressure to ease, with each administrative region showing some variability in livestock structure and changes in grazing pressure. This highlights the importance of adapting measures to local conditions. These results provide a scientific basis for the ecological management of alpine grasslands and the development of the livestock industry in Qinghai Province.

Key words: balance of grass and livestock, grassland carrying state, animal grazing pressure, grassland resource consumption, grassland resource supply