草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 174-183.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024516
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
孙勤琳1,2(
), 魏天兴1,2(
), 李豪3, 叶小曼1,2, 朱玲1,2
收稿日期:2024-12-27
修回日期:2025-03-12
出版日期:2025-11-20
发布日期:2025-10-09
通讯作者:
魏天兴
作者简介:E-mail: weitx@bjfu.edu.cn基金资助:
Qin-lin SUN1,2(
), Tian-xing WEI1,2(
), Hao LI3, Xiao-man YE1,2, Ling ZHU1,2
Received:2024-12-27
Revised:2025-03-12
Online:2025-11-20
Published:2025-10-09
Contact:
Tian-xing WEI
摘要:
为了解陕北黄土高原农牧交错区典型树种沙棘对其他植物的化感作用,本研究以沙棘为对象,采用生物测试法,分析其叶和根浸提液对侧柏、油松、刺槐、柠条、沙棘5种植物幼苗阶段的影响。结果表明:1)不同浓度叶和根浸提液对5种植物幼苗阶段具有显著的化感作用(P<0.05),且对5种植物的化感效应存在一定的差异。沙棘浸提液对沙棘和油松幼苗阶段的化感效应整体表现为抑制,对刺槐和柠条幼苗阶段的化感效应整体表现为促进。2)沙棘浸提液对植物幼苗阶段的抑制程度总体上为根>茎>种子萌发>鲜重。3)沙棘叶浸提液对植物的抑制作用明显大于根浸提液。4)从化感效应指数和综合化感效应指数来看,沙棘浸提液对沙棘抑制率最大,1.0 g·L-1根浸提液对种子发芽的抑制率为46.0%,5.0 g·L-1叶浸提液对茎生长(苗高)的抑制率为34.7%,10.0 g·L-1根浸提液对根生长的抑制率为85.1%。5)0.1和 0.5 g·L-1叶浸提液对沙棘根长的抑制率达22.4%和29.0%,5.0和10.0 g·L-1叶浸提液对沙棘根长的抑制率达80.6%和72.1%。在低浓度下,对植物幼苗的生长没有明显的抑制作用;在高浓度下,则产生显著的抑制效果。因此,在恢复黄土高原农牧交错区植被时,应充分考虑树种间的化感作用关系,避免将具有强烈抑制作用的树种配置在一起,确保林分可持续发展。
孙勤琳, 魏天兴, 李豪, 叶小曼, 朱玲. 沙棘叶片和根系浸提液对5种乔灌植物的化感潜力[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(11): 174-183.
Qin-lin SUN, Tian-xing WEI, Hao LI, Xiao-man YE, Ling ZHU. Allelopathic effects of Hippophae rhamnoides leaf and root extracts on five plant species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(11): 174-183.
受体植物 Receptor plant | 方差变异来源 ANOVA source | 种子萌发指标 Seed germination indicator | 幼苗生长指标 Seedling growth indicator | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 发芽率Germination rate | 茎长Stem length | 根长Root length | 鲜重Fresh weight | ||
| 侧柏P. orientalis | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.685 |
| AD | <0.001 | 0.104 | 0.129 | 0.230 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | 0.354 | <0.001 | 0.354 | |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.288 |
| AD | <0.001 | 0.328 | <0.001 | 0.047 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 |
| AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.271 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | AP | 0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| AD | <0.001 | 0.987 | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| AP×AD | 0.004 | 0.211 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
表1 不同浓度沙棘叶和根浸提液对5种乔灌植物种子萌发与幼苗生长影响的方差分析(P值)
Table 1 Variance analysis (P) of the effects of different concentrations of H. rhamnoides leaf and root extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of 5 species of chestnut-irrigation plants
受体植物 Receptor plant | 方差变异来源 ANOVA source | 种子萌发指标 Seed germination indicator | 幼苗生长指标 Seedling growth indicator | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 发芽率Germination rate | 茎长Stem length | 根长Root length | 鲜重Fresh weight | ||
| 侧柏P. orientalis | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.685 |
| AD | <0.001 | 0.104 | 0.129 | 0.230 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | 0.354 | <0.001 | 0.354 | |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.288 |
| AD | <0.001 | 0.328 | <0.001 | 0.047 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | AP | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 |
| AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.271 | |
| AP×AD | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | AP | 0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| AD | <0.001 | 0.987 | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| AP×AD | 0.004 | 0.211 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
图1 不同浓度沙棘叶和根浸提液对5种乔灌植物发芽率的影响不同小写字母表示同一浸提液不同浓度处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different concentrations of the same extract (P<0.05). C1: 0.1 g·L-1; C2: 0.5 g·L-1; C3: 1.0 g·L-1; C4: 2.5 g·L-1; C5: 5.0 g·L-1; C6: 10.0 g·L-1. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Effects of different concentrations of H. rhamnoides leaf and root extracts on germination rate of 5 species of chestnut-irrigation plants
项目 Items | 受体植物 Receptor plant | 叶浸提液浓度Leaf extract concentration | 根浸提液浓度Root extract concentration | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 g·L-1 | 0.5 g·L-1 | 1.0 g·L-1 | 2.5 g·L-1 | 5.0 g·L-1 | 10.0 g·L-1 | 0.1 g·L-1 | 0.5 g·L-1 | 1.0 g·L-1 | 2.5 g·L-1 | 5.0 g·L-1 | 10.0 g·L-1 | ||
发芽率 Germination rate | 侧柏P. orientalis | -0.140 | -0.211 | -0.070 | -0.158 | -0.105 | -0.096 | -0.096 | -0.053 | -0.193 | -0.149 | -0.167 | -0.088 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | 0.000 | -0.163 | -0.138 | -0.110 | -0.080 | -0.110 | -0.100 | -0.050 | -0.090 | -0.180 | -0.170 | 0.024 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.160 | 0.357 | 0.370 | 0.492 | 0.563 | 0.344 | 0.380 | 0.400 | 0.330 | 0.232 | -0.111 | -0.429 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | -0.100 | -0.038 | -0.100 | -0.169 | 0.015 | 0.097 | 0.037 | -0.123 | -0.150 | -0.192 | 0.088 | -0.031 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | -0.302 | -0.295 | -0.257 | -0.267 | -0.270 | -0.333 | -0.393 | -0.310 | -0.460 | -0.298 | -0.413 | -0.413 | |
茎长 Stem length | 侧柏P. orientalis | -0.043 | -0.037 | -0.017 | 0.037 | 0.096 | 0.070 | -0.002 | -0.010 | 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.048 | 0.026 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | -0.128 | -0.203 | -0.111 | -0.074 | -0.047 | -0.027 | -0.204 | -0.132 | -0.021 | -0.050 | 0.009 | 0.034 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.081 | 0.106 | 0.140 | 0.095 | 0.072 | 0.007 | -0.066 | 0.053 | 0.093 | -0.032 | -0.178 | -0.151 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | 0.283 | 0.223 | 0.153 | 0.224 | 0.268 | 0.158 | 0.214 | 0.303 | 0.210 | 0.202 | 0.084 | 0.030 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | -0.048 | -0.151 | -0.281 | -0.225 | -0.347 | -0.303 | -0.147 | -0.128 | -0.208 | -0.258 | -0.269 | -0.331 | |
根长 Root length | 侧柏P. orientalis | -0.016 | -0.145 | -0.061 | 0.078 | 0.245 | 0.256 | 0.163 | 0.230 | 0.107 | 0.103 | 0.265 | 0.169 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | 0.027 | -0.234 | -0.258 | -0.145 | -0.177 | -0.160 | -0.271 | -0.082 | -0.030 | 0.101 | 0.201 | 0.221 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.024 | 0.130 | 0.090 | -0.056 | -0.403 | -0.588 | -0.400 | -0.270 | -0.212 | -0.231 | -0.245 | -0.413 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | 0.259 | 0.360 | 0.192 | 0.103 | 0.077 | -0.070 | 0.113 | 0.106 | 0.197 | 0.045 | 0.014 | 0.041 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | -0.224 | -0.290 | -0.722 | -0.683 | -0.806 | -0.721 | -0.601 | -0.669 | -0.692 | -0.721 | -0.733 | -0.851 | |
鲜重 Fresh weight | 侧柏P. orientalis | 0.012 | 0.093 | 0.036 | 0.046 | 0.066 | 0.110 | 0.070 | 0.084 | 0.087 | 0.045 | 0.068 | 0.056 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | 0.013 | -0.222 | -0.128 | -0.087 | -0.172 | -0.122 | -0.260 | -0.047 | -0.067 | -0.081 | 0.042 | -0.012 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.144 | 0.138 | 0.171 | 0.160 | -0.046 | 0.032 | -0.047 | 0.158 | 0.074 | -0.015 | 0.006 | 0.083 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | 0.013 | 0.087 | 0.127 | 0.160 | 0.124 | 0.165 | 0.141 | 0.201 | 0.172 | 0.176 | 0.168 | -0.024 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | 0.007 | -0.047 | -0.082 | 0.067 | -0.039 | -0.016 | 0.085 | 0.065 | 0.015 | -0.016 | 0.005 | 0.167 | |
表2 不同浓度、不同部位沙棘浸提液对5种乔灌植物发芽率、茎长、根长、鲜重的化感效应指数
Table 2 Allelopathic effect index of different concentrations and different parts of H. rhamnoides extract on germination rate, stem length, root length and fresh weight of 5 species of chestnut-irrigation plants
项目 Items | 受体植物 Receptor plant | 叶浸提液浓度Leaf extract concentration | 根浸提液浓度Root extract concentration | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 g·L-1 | 0.5 g·L-1 | 1.0 g·L-1 | 2.5 g·L-1 | 5.0 g·L-1 | 10.0 g·L-1 | 0.1 g·L-1 | 0.5 g·L-1 | 1.0 g·L-1 | 2.5 g·L-1 | 5.0 g·L-1 | 10.0 g·L-1 | ||
发芽率 Germination rate | 侧柏P. orientalis | -0.140 | -0.211 | -0.070 | -0.158 | -0.105 | -0.096 | -0.096 | -0.053 | -0.193 | -0.149 | -0.167 | -0.088 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | 0.000 | -0.163 | -0.138 | -0.110 | -0.080 | -0.110 | -0.100 | -0.050 | -0.090 | -0.180 | -0.170 | 0.024 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.160 | 0.357 | 0.370 | 0.492 | 0.563 | 0.344 | 0.380 | 0.400 | 0.330 | 0.232 | -0.111 | -0.429 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | -0.100 | -0.038 | -0.100 | -0.169 | 0.015 | 0.097 | 0.037 | -0.123 | -0.150 | -0.192 | 0.088 | -0.031 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | -0.302 | -0.295 | -0.257 | -0.267 | -0.270 | -0.333 | -0.393 | -0.310 | -0.460 | -0.298 | -0.413 | -0.413 | |
茎长 Stem length | 侧柏P. orientalis | -0.043 | -0.037 | -0.017 | 0.037 | 0.096 | 0.070 | -0.002 | -0.010 | 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.048 | 0.026 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | -0.128 | -0.203 | -0.111 | -0.074 | -0.047 | -0.027 | -0.204 | -0.132 | -0.021 | -0.050 | 0.009 | 0.034 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.081 | 0.106 | 0.140 | 0.095 | 0.072 | 0.007 | -0.066 | 0.053 | 0.093 | -0.032 | -0.178 | -0.151 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | 0.283 | 0.223 | 0.153 | 0.224 | 0.268 | 0.158 | 0.214 | 0.303 | 0.210 | 0.202 | 0.084 | 0.030 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | -0.048 | -0.151 | -0.281 | -0.225 | -0.347 | -0.303 | -0.147 | -0.128 | -0.208 | -0.258 | -0.269 | -0.331 | |
根长 Root length | 侧柏P. orientalis | -0.016 | -0.145 | -0.061 | 0.078 | 0.245 | 0.256 | 0.163 | 0.230 | 0.107 | 0.103 | 0.265 | 0.169 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | 0.027 | -0.234 | -0.258 | -0.145 | -0.177 | -0.160 | -0.271 | -0.082 | -0.030 | 0.101 | 0.201 | 0.221 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.024 | 0.130 | 0.090 | -0.056 | -0.403 | -0.588 | -0.400 | -0.270 | -0.212 | -0.231 | -0.245 | -0.413 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | 0.259 | 0.360 | 0.192 | 0.103 | 0.077 | -0.070 | 0.113 | 0.106 | 0.197 | 0.045 | 0.014 | 0.041 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | -0.224 | -0.290 | -0.722 | -0.683 | -0.806 | -0.721 | -0.601 | -0.669 | -0.692 | -0.721 | -0.733 | -0.851 | |
鲜重 Fresh weight | 侧柏P. orientalis | 0.012 | 0.093 | 0.036 | 0.046 | 0.066 | 0.110 | 0.070 | 0.084 | 0.087 | 0.045 | 0.068 | 0.056 |
| 油松P. tabuliformis | 0.013 | -0.222 | -0.128 | -0.087 | -0.172 | -0.122 | -0.260 | -0.047 | -0.067 | -0.081 | 0.042 | -0.012 | |
| 刺槐R. pseudoacacia | 0.144 | 0.138 | 0.171 | 0.160 | -0.046 | 0.032 | -0.047 | 0.158 | 0.074 | -0.015 | 0.006 | 0.083 | |
| 柠条C. korshinskii | 0.013 | 0.087 | 0.127 | 0.160 | 0.124 | 0.165 | 0.141 | 0.201 | 0.172 | 0.176 | 0.168 | -0.024 | |
| 沙棘H. rhamnoides | 0.007 | -0.047 | -0.082 | 0.067 | -0.039 | -0.016 | 0.085 | 0.065 | 0.015 | -0.016 | 0.005 | 0.167 | |
图2 不同浓度沙棘叶和根浸提液对5种乔灌植物茎长、根长、鲜重的影响
Fig.2 Effects of different concentrations of H. rhamnoides leaf and root extracts on stem length, root length, and fresh weight of 5 species of chestnut-irrigation plants
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