干旱荒漠区土壤种子库研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 荒漠生态系统是地球上最脆弱的生态系统。近年来,荒漠生态系统保护和恢复的研究已受到广泛关注。土壤种子库作为种子源,在植被恢复过程中起着至关重要的作用。本研究系统回顾了近20年来国内外对干旱荒漠区土壤种子库的研究进展,从土壤种子库的基本特征、时空分布、与地上植被的关系、研究方法以及影响因素等方面进行综述并提出研究展望。

Abstract: The desert ecosystem is the most fragile ecosystem in the world. In recent years, research on conservation and restoration of desert ecosystems has attracted widespread attention. As the seed source, soil seed banks play a vital role in the restoration of vegetation. This paper reviews research on the soil seed banks of desert regions worldwide in the past 20 years and covers the basic features of soil seed banks, their spatial-temporal patterns, the relationship with above-ground vegetation, research methods and the factors influencing soil seed banks. Some suggestions have been made for future work.

中图分类号:

Q948.1

杨磊,王彦荣,余进德. 干旱荒漠区土壤种子库研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(2): 227-234.

YANG Lei, WANG Yan-rong, YU Jin-de. Review of research on seed banks of desert regions[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(2): 227-234.

参考文献

[1] Simpson R L. Ecology of Soil Seed Bank[M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.
[2] Leishman M R, Westoby M. Seed size and shape are not related to persistence in soil in Australia in the same way as in Britain[J]. Functional Ecology, 1998, 12: 480-485.
[3] Jalili A, Hamzeh’ee B, Asri Y. Soil seed banks in the Arasbaran Protected Area of Iran and their significance for conservation management[J]. Biological Conservation, 2003, 109: 425-431.
[4] Kalisz S, Mcpeek M A. Extinction dynamics, population growth, and seed banks: An example using an age-structured annual[J]. Oecologia, 1993, 95: 314-320.
[5] Shaukat S S, Siddiqui I A. Spatial pattern analysis of seeds of an arable soil seed bank and its relationship with above ground vegetation in an arid region[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 57(3): 311-327.
[6] 王俊, 白瑜. 土壤种子库研究的几个热点问题[J]. 生态环境, 2006, 15(6): 1372-1379.
[7] 李雪华, 李晓兰, 蒋德明, 等. 干旱半干旱荒漠地区一年生植物研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(7): 851-856.
[8] 张志权. 土壤种子库[J]. 生态学杂志, 1996, 15(6): 36-42.
[9] 张涛, 田长彦, 孙羽, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠地区短命植物土壤种子库研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2006, 29(5): 675-681.
[10] 曾彦军, 王彦荣, 南志标, 等. 阿拉善干旱荒漠区不同植被类型土壤种子库研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(9): 1457-1463.
[11] 赵萌莉, 许志信. 内蒙古乌兰察布西部温性荒漠草地土壤种子库初探[J]. 中国草地, 2000, (2): 46-48.
[12] 李宁, 冯固, 田长彦. 塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘土壤种子库特征及动态[J]. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 2006, 36: 110-118.
[13] Rees M. Delayed germination of seeds: A look at the effects of adult longevity, the timing of reproduction, and population age/stage structure[J]. American Naturalist, 1994, 144: 43-64.
[14] Figueroa J A, Teillier S, Jaksic F M. Composition, size and dynamics of the seed bank in a Mediterranean shrubland of Chile[J]. Austral Ecology, 2004, 29: 574-584.
[15] Miller G R, Cummins R P. Soil seed banks of woodland, heathland, grassland, mire and montane communities, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland[J]. Plant Ecology, 2003, 168: 255-266.
[16] 赵丽娅, 李兆华, 李峰瑞, 等. 科尔沁沙地植被恢复演替进程中群落土壤种子库研究[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(12): 3204-3211.
[17] Willems J H, Bik L P M. Restoration of high species density in calcareous grassland: The role of seed rain and soil seed bank[J]. Applied Vegetation Science, 1998, 1: 91-100.
[18] Liu M Z, Jiang G M, Yu S L, et al. The role of soil seed banks in natural restoration of the degraded hunshandak sandlands, Northern China[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2009, 17(1): 127-136.
[19] Sudebilige H, Li Y H, Yong S P, et al. Germinable soil seed bank of Artemisia frigida grassland and its response to grazing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(1): 43-48.
[20] 孙建华, 王彦荣, 曾彦军. 封育和放牧条件下退化荒漠草地土壤种子库特征[J]. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(10): 2035-2042.
[21] 李秋艳, 赵文智. 干旱区土壤种子库的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(3): 350-358.
[22] 尚占环, 任国华, 龙瑞军. 土壤种子库研究综述——规模、格局及影响因素[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(1): 144-154.
[23] Guo Q, Rundel P W, Goodall D W. Horizontal and vertical distribution of desert seed banks: Patterns, causes, and implications[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1998, 38: 465-478.
[24] Ramiro P L. Soil seed banks in the semi-arid Prepuna of Bolivia[J]. Plant Ecology, 2003, 168: 85-92.
[25] Guo Q F, Rundel P W, Goodall D W. Structure of desert seed banks: Comparisons across four North American desert sites[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1999, 42: 1-44.
[26] 窦红霞, 王明玖. 浑善达克沙地不同沙丘类型土壤种子库时空动态[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(3): 116-118.
[27] Yan Q L, Liu Z M, Zhu J J, et al. Structure, pattern and mechanisms of formation of seed banks in sand dune systems in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Plant and Soil, 2005, 277: 175-184.
[28] Wang S M, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Spatial distribution patterns of the soil seed bank of Stipagrostis pennata (Trin. ) de Winter in the Gurbantonggut Desert of north-west China[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2005, 63: 203-222.
[29] Ma J Y, Ren J, Wang G, et al. Influence of different microhabitats and stand age on viable soil seed banks of sand-stabilising species[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2006, 72: 46-50.
[30] 王刚, 梁学功. 沙坡头人工固沙区的种子库动态[J]. 植物学报, 1995, 37(3): 231-237.
[31] 李吉玫, 徐海量, 张占江, 等. 塔里木河下游植物繁殖体形态对土壤种子库垂直分布的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(6): 9-17.
[32] Moles A T, Hodson D W, Webb C J. Seed size and shape and persistence in the soil in the New Zealand flora[J]. Oikos, 2000, 89: 541-545.
[33] Thompson K, Grime J P. Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1979, 67: 893-921.
[34] 付和平, 杨泽龙, 武晓东, 等. 不同干扰条件荒漠区土壤种子库[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(9): 133-137.
[35] Marone L, Rossi B E, Casenave J L. Granivore impact on soil-seed reserves in the central Monte desert, Argentina[J]. Functional Ecology, 1998, 12: 640-645.
[36] Navie S C, Cowley R A, Rogers R W. The relationship between distance from water and the soil seed bank in a grazed semi-arid subtropical rangeland[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 1996, 44: 421-431.
[37] Meissner R A, Facelli J M. Effects of sheep exclusion on the soil seed bank and annual vegetation in chenopod shrublands of South Australia[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1999, 42: 117-128.
[38] Solomon T B, Snyman H A, Smit G N. Soil seed bank characteristics in relation to land use systems and distance from water in a semi-arid rangeland of southern Ethiopia[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2006, 72: 263-271.
[39] 蒋德明, 李荣平, 刘志民, 等. 科尔沁草甸草地放牧和割草条件下土壤种子库研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1860-1864.
[40] Watt A S. A comparison of grazed and ungrazed grassland in East Anglian Breckland[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1981, 69: 499-508.
[41] 郑翠玲, 曹子龙, 赵廷宁, 等. 围封沙化草地土壤种子库动态研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2005, 12(6): 169-171.
[42] 曹子龙, 赵廷宁, 郑翠玲, 等. 浑善达克沙地南缘沙化草地围封过程中土壤种子库与地上植被的耦合关系[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2006, 20(1): 178-183.
[43] Vanesso M L, Ghersa C M, Soriano A. Cultivation effects on the dynamics of a Johnson grass seed population in the soil profile[J]. Soil Tillage Research, 1986, 6(4): 325-335.
[44] 马长明, 翟明普, 袁玉欣. 耕翻干扰对丰宁坝上孤石牧场种子库及地上植被的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2006, 23(11): 73-78.
[45] Mulugeta D, Stoltenberg D E. Weed and seed bank management with integrated methods as influenced by tillage[J]. Weed Science, 1997, 45: 706-715.
[46] Jana S, Thai K M. Patterns of changes of dormant genotypes in Avena fatua populations under different agricultural conditions[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1987, 65: 1741-1745.
[47] Baskin C C, Baskin J M. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination[M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 1988.
[48] Cromar H E, Murphy S D, Swanton C J. Influence of tillage and crop residue on post dispersal predation of weed seeds[J]. Weed Science, 1999, 47: 184-194.
[49] West N E. Structure and function of soil microphytic crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions[J]. Advanced Ecological Research, 1990, 20: 179-223.
[50] Li X R, Jia X H, Long L Q, et al. Effects of biological soil crusts on seed bank, germination and establishment of two annual plant species in the Tengger Desert (N China)[J]. Plant and Soil, 2005, 277: 375-385.
[51] Belnap J, Lange O L. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2003: 281-286.
[52] 苏延桂, 李新荣, 贾荣亮, 等. 腾格里沙漠东南缘苔藓结皮对荒漠土壤种子库的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(3): 504-508.
[53] 苏延桂, 李新荣, 陈应武, 等. 生物土壤结皮对荒漠土壤种子库和种子萌发的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2007, 27(3): 939-945.
[54] 郭铁瑞, 赵哈林, 左小安, 等. 科尔沁沙地生物结皮的土壤种子库特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(6): 187-191.
[55] 苏延桂, 李新荣, 张景光, 等. 生物土壤结皮对土壤种子库的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(6): 997-1001.
[56] Harper J L. Population Biology of Plant[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1977.
[57] 赵丽娅, 李峰瑞. 沙漠化过程土壤种子库特征的研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2003, 20(4): 317-321.
[58] 赵丽娅, 李峰瑞, 王先之. 草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库的变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(9): 1745-1756.
[59] 徐海量, 李吉玫, 叶茂, 等. 塔里木河下游不同地下水埋深下的土壤种子库特征[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(3): 111-118.
[60] Ma J L, Liu Z M. Spatiotemporal pattern of seed bank in the annual psammophyte Agriophyllum squarrosum Moq. (Chenopodiaceae) on the active sand dunes of northeastern Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Plant Soil, 2008, 311: 97-107.
[61] 马君玲, 刘志民. 植冠种子库及其生态意义研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(11): 1329-1333.
[62] Günster A. Seed bank dynamics longevity, viability and predation of seeds of serotinous plants in the central Namib Desert[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1994, 28: 195-205.
[63] Yan Q L, Liu Z M, Zhu J J. Temporal variation of soil seed banks in two different dune systems in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Environmental Geology, 2008, 58(3): 615-624.
[64] Bai W M, Bao X M, Li L H. Effects of Agriophyllum squarrosum seed banks on its colonization in a moving sand dune in Hunshandake Sand land of China[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 59: 151-157.
[65] 吕世海, 卢欣石, 曹帮华. 呼伦贝尔草地风蚀沙化地土壤种子库多样性研究[J]. 中国草地, 2005, 27(3): 5-10.
[66] 白文娟, 焦菊英. 土壤种子库的研究方法综述[J]. 干旱区农业研究, 2006, 24(6): 195-203.
[67] 闫巧玲, 刘志民, 李荣平. 持久土壤种子库研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(8): 948-952.
[68] Bowers J E. Seedling emergence on Sonoran Desert dunes[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1996, 33: 63-72.