翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验,研究翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤酶活性的影响,为探索发展低碳烟草农业、构建资源节约型和环境友好型农业,实现烟叶生产的可持续发展和特色烟叶开发提供理论依据。结果表明,翻压绿肥能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,绿肥翻压量以22 500 kg/hm²最为适宜。与对照相比,22 500 kg/hm²的处理在烟株不同生育时期土壤微生物量碳、氮提高幅度分别为66.09%~161.28%和76.88%~257.10%,土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性提高幅度分别为31.88%～54.05%,11.15%～17.62%,16.05%～101.06%,41.38%～71.43%,表明翻压绿肥后土壤生物过程活跃,有利于土壤有机物质的转化和烤烟正常生长所需的营养供应。动态变化特征表明,不同翻压量的处理微生物量碳、氮在团棵期同时出现峰值,土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性在旺长期同时出现峰值,土壤微生物量碳、氮和土壤酶活性的动态变化不同,其峰值与土壤中微生物活性、绿肥腐解规律和土壤矿质营养供应密切相关,可作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标,反映出绿肥养分释放和烟株营养吸收的相互关系。

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of green manure application on microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobacco-planting soil. The application of green manure increased the soil microbial biomass C and N contents and the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase (ACP), sucrase, catalase. The trend of increase returning 22 500 kg/ha was more greater than the others. Compared with the control at different growth stages, the soil microbial biomass C and N contents increased 66.09%-161.28% and 76.88%-257.10%, respectively. The activity of soil urease, acid phosphatase (ACP), invertase and catalase increased 31.88%-54.05%, 11.15%-17.62%, 16.05%-101.06% and 41.38%-71.43%, respectively. These results show that application of green manure promoted the activity of soil organisms, thus favouring the turnover of organic matter in the soil and the provision of nutrition to meet the needs of tobacco plants normal growth. The dynamic changes of soil microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity within the tobacco developmental period showed that microbial biomass C and N reached a peak at the rosette stage of flue-cured tobacco. However, the peak of soil enzyme activities appeared at the busy stage, and when the crops were in bloom. The dynamic changes of microbial biomass C and N contents and of enzyme activity varied at different growth stages, suggesting that changes of soil enzyme activity and nutrient release from green manure were highly related with soil nutrient supply. The microbial biomass C and N contents and enzyme activity could be used as biological indices of soil quality. The relationship of the whole decomposition process of green manure with growth was coordinated with nutrient uptake of flue-cured tobacco. This study provides a theoretical basis to study low-carbon agriculture and build resource-saving, environment-friendly agriculture and promote the sustainable development of tobacco agriculture and the production of tobacco leaf with specific characteristics.

中图分类号:

S154.3

李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,解昌盛,向永光,杨超,郑文冉,叶协锋. 翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 225-232.

LI Zheng, LIU Guo-shun, JING Hai-xia, XIE Chang-sheng, XIANG Yong-guang, YANG Chao, ZHENG Wen-ran, YE Xie-feng. Effects of green manure application on the microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobacco-planting soil[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 225-232.

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