紫花苜蓿配子体发育遗传调控的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫花苜蓿种子的实际产量远低于潜在产量,胚珠败育是导致这一现象的主要因素,而胚珠败育从本质上讲就是雌、雄配子体发育不正常。所以,紫花苜蓿的配子体发育与其产量具有极为重要的关系。紫花苜蓿的雄蕊和心皮分别属于第三、四轮花器官。这2个组织生成的雄、雌配子体是紫花苜蓿完成有性生殖所必需的。本研究在总结拟南芥、水稻和玉米等模式植物配子体遗传调控的基础上,紧密结合豆科模式植物蒺藜苜蓿等配子体的发育,从遗传学、分子生物学和细胞学等角度详细地总结了紫花苜蓿有性生殖中雌配子体、雄配子体发生和发育的研究进展。

Abstract: The actual seed yields of Medicago sativa are far less than the potential yield. The key reasons are ovule abortion and abnormal development of the gametophyte. Therefore, there is an important relationship between gametogenesis and seed yield of M. sativa. Stamens and carpels of M. sativa belong to the third and fourth wheel of the flower organ, respectively. The normal male and female gametophytes that develop from these two tissues are essential to sexual reproduction of M. sativa. Based on the gametophyte genetic regulation of model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays, and combined closely with the gametophyte development of the leguminosae model plant Medicago truncatula, this review discusses in detail the recent advances in male and female gametogenesis of M. sativa with a focus on the genetic regulation, molecular biology, and cytology of these processes.

中图分类号:

刘志鹏,张吉宇,王彦荣. 紫花苜蓿配子体发育遗传调控的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 270-278.

LIU Zhi-peng, ZHANG Ji-yu, WANG Yan-rong. Research advances in genetic regulation of gametophyte development in Medicago sativa[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(4): 270-278.

参考文献

[1] Lesins K A, Lesins I. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae), a Taxogenetic Study[M]. London: Dr. W. Junk Pubishers, 1979.
[2] 杨曌, 张新全, 李向林, 等. 应用灰色关联度综合评价17个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能[J].草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 76-72.
[3] 尚晨, 韩贵清, 陈积山, 等. 高能混合粒子场处理种子对龙牧803苜蓿M2代的抗寒性影响[J].草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 164-168.
[4] 王彦荣. 我国牧草种子业的现状与发展[J]. 草业科学, 1998, 15(5): 34-38.
[5] Iannucci A, Fonzo N D, Martiniello P. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield and quality under different forage management systems and irrigation treatments in a Mediterranean environment[J]. Field Crops Research, 2002, 78: 65-74.
[6] Strickler K, Vinson J W. Simulation of the effect of pollinator movement on alfalfa seed set[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2000, 29: 907-918.
[7] Padmavathi C, Seth R, Pandey K C. Relative efficiency of biotic and abiotic agents as pollination facilitators in the quality seed production of lucerne (Medicago sativa Linn.)[J]. Seed Research, 2003, 31: 125-129.
[8] 王显国, 韩建国, 刘富渊, 等. 刈割对紫花苜蓿生殖生育期的调控及对种子产量和质量性状的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2005, 13(4): 274-277.
[9] Clinton C S, Erik B G F, Lamont D S. Deficit irrigation for optimum alfalfa seed yield and quality[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2007, 99: 992-998.
[10] Zhang T J, Wang X G, Wang Y W, et al. Plant growth regulator effects on balancing vegetative and reproductive phases in alfalfa seed yield[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101: 1139-1145.
[11] 周刊社, 刘依兰, 王彦荣. 苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究[J]. 分子植物育种, 2009, 7(1): 95-104.
[12] Viands D R, Sun P, Barnes D K. Pollination control: Mechanical and sterility[A]. In: Hanson A A, Barnes D K, Hill R R. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Improvement[M]. Wisconsin: Amercian Society of Agronomy, Inc., 1988.
[13] Knapp E E, Teuber L R. Selection progress for ease of floret tripping in alfalfa[J]. Crop Science, 1994, 34: 323-326.
[14] 韩建国, 李敏, 季枫. 牧草种子生产中的潜在种子产量与实际种子产量[J]. 草原与牧草, 1996, 1(1): 7-11.
[15] 姜华, 毕玉芬. 紫花苜蓿生殖生物学特性研究[J]. 草地学报, 2008, 16(2): 110-114.
[16] 姜华, 毕玉芬. 紫花苜蓿花粉活力和柱头可授性的研究[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(9): 105-107.
[17] Coen E S, Meyerowitz E M. The war of the whorls: Genetic interactions controlling flower development[J]. Nature, 1991, 5: 353.
[18] Bowman J L, Smyth D R, Meyerwitz E M. Genes directing flower development in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 1989, 1: 37-52.
[19] Benlloch R, Navarro C, Beltran J P, et al. Floral development of the model legume Medicago truncatula: Ontogeny studies as tool to better characterize homeotic muations[J]. Sex Plant Reproduction, 2003, 15: 231-241.
[20] Hofer J, Ellis N. Conservation and diversification of gene function in plant development[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2002, 5: 56-61.
[21] Hofer J, Turner L, Hellens R, et al. UNIFOLIATA regulates leaf and flower morphogenesis in pea[J]. Current Biology, 1997, 7: 581-587.
[22] Taylor S, Hofer J, Murfet I. Stamina pistilloida, the Pea ortholog of Fim and UFO, is required for normal development of flowers, inflorescences, and leaves[J]. Plant Cell, 2001, 13: 31-46.
[23] Dong Z C, Zhao Z, Liu C W, et al. Floral patterning in Lotus japonicus[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 137: 1272-1282.
[24] Wang H, Chen J, Wen J, et al. Control of compound leaf development by FLORICAULA/LEAFY ortholog SINGLE LEAFLET1 in Medicago truncatula[J]. Plant Physiology, 2008, 146: 1759-1772.
[25] Hecht V, Foucher F, Ferrandiz C, et al. Conservation of Arabidopsis flowering genes in model legumes[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 137: 1420-1434.
[26] Wobus U, Weber H. Seed maturation: Genetic programmes and control signals[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 1999, 2: 33-38.
[27] 杨维才, 石东乔. 植物雌配子体发育研究进展[J]. 植物学通报, 2007, 24(3): 302-310.
[28] West M, Harada J. Embryogenesis in higher plants: An overview[J]. Plant Cell, 1993, 5: 1361-1369.
[29] Yang W C, Ye D, Xu J, et al. The SPOROCYTELESS gene of Arabidopsis is required for initiation of sporogenesis and encodes a novel nuclear protein[J]. Genes Development, 1999, 13: 2108-2117.
[30] Ito T, Wellmer F, Yu H, et al. The homeotic protein AGAMOUS controls microsporogenesis by regulation of SPOROCYTELESS[J]. Nature, 2004, 430: 356-360.
[31] Yang W C, Sundaresan V. Genetics of gametophyte biogenesis in Arabidopsis[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2000, 3: 53-57.
[32] Nonomura K I, Miyoshi K, Eiguchi M, et al. The MSP1 gene is necessary to restrict the number of cells entering into male and female sporogenesis and to initiate anther wall formation in rice[J]. Plant Cell, 2003, 15: 1728-1739.
[33] Kasahara R D, Portereiko M F, Sandaklie-Nikolova L, et al. MYB98 is required for pollen tube guidance and synergid cell differentiation in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 2005, 17: 2981-2992.
[34] Ma H. Molecular genetic analyses of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in flowering plants[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2005, 56: 393-434.
[35] 杨克珍, 叶德.植物雄配子体发生和发育的遗传调控[J]. 植物学通报, 2007, 24: 293-301.
[36] Sheridan W F, Avalkina N A, Shamrov I I, et al. The MAC1 gene: Controlling the commitment to the meiotic pathway in maize[J]. Genetics, 1996, 142: 1009-1020.
[37] McCormick S. Control of male gametophyte development[J]. Plant Cell, 2004, 16: 142-153.
[38] Durbarry A, Vizir I, Twell D. Male germ line development in Arabidopsis duo pollen mutants reveal gametophytic regulators of generative cell cycle progression[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 137: 297-307.
[39] Iwakawa H, Shinmyo A, Sekine M. Arabidopsis CDKA1, a cdc2 homologue, controls proliferation of generative cells in male gametogenesis[J]. Plant Journal, 2006, 45: 819-831.
[40] Feijo J A, Costa S S, Prado A M, et al. Signaling by tips[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2004, 7: 589-598.
[41] Gu Y, Wang Z, Yang Z. ROP/RAC GTPase: An old new master regulator for plant signaling[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2004, 7: 527-536.
[42] Chen L Q, Ye D. Roles of pectin methylesterases in pollen-tube growth[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2007, 49: 94-98.
[43] 李晓霞, 金樑, 王晓娟. 栽培苜蓿的繁殖特性和遗传机制及种子生产[J]. 种子, 2008, 27: 91-94.
[44] Vyshniakova M A. Callose as an indicator of sterile ovules[J]. Phytomorphology, 1991, 41: 245-252.
[45] Rosellini D, Lorenzetti F, Bingham E T. Quantitative ovule sterility in Medicago sativa[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998, 97: 1289-1295.
[46] Pasumarty S V, Matsumura T, Higuchi S, et al. Causes of low seed set in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 1993, 48:79-83.
[47] Dobrowsky S, Grant W F. An investigation into the mechanism for reduced seed yield in Lotus corniculatus[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1980, 57: 157-160.
[48] Verma D P S, Hong Z L. Plant callose synthase complexes[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 2001, 47: 693-701.
[49] Barcaccia G, Mazzucato A, Falcinelli M, et al. Callose localization in cell walls during meiotic and apomeiotic megasporogenesis in diploid alfalfa (Medicago spp.)[J]. Caryologia, 1996, 49: 45-56.
[50] Rosellini D, Ferranti F, Barone P, et al. Expression of female sterility in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)[J]. Sex Plant Reproduction, 2003, 15: 271-279.
[51] Nair R M, Peck D M, Dundas I S, et al. Morphological characterisation and genetic analysis of a bi-pistil mutant (bip) in Medicago truncatula Gaertn.[J]. Sex Plant Reproduction, 2008, 21: 133-141.
[52] Bingham E T, Hawkins T W. Female sterility in alfalfa due to recessive trait retarding integument development[J]. Journal of Heredity, 1994, 75: 231-233.
[53] Mariani A, Tavoletti S, Veronesi. Abnormal macrosporogenesis in five alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mutants producing 4n pollen[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1993, 85: 873-881.
[54] Bimal R, Schel J H N, Tavoletti S, et al. Localization of poly(A)⁺-containing RNA during female gametophyte development in Medicago sativa and the diploid mutant Medicago sativa ssp. falcata using digoxigenin-labelled oligo-dT probes[J]. Sex Plant Reproduction, 1995, 8: 18-26.
[55] Barcaccia G, Albertini E, Rosellini D, et al. Inheritance and mapping of 2n egg production in diploid alfalfa[J]. Genome, 2000, 43: 528-537.
[56] Barcaccia G, Varotto S, Meneghetti S, et al. Analysis of gene expression during flowering in apomeiotic mutants of Medicago spp.: Cloning of ESTs and candidate genes for 2n eggs[J]. Sex Plant Reproduction, 2001, 14: 233-238.
[57] Pfeiffer T W, Bingham E T. Abnormal meiosis in alfalfa, Medicago sativa: Cytology of 2n eggs and 4n pollen formation[J]. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 1983, 25: 107-112.
[58] Tavoletti S. Cytological mechanisms of 2n egg formation in a diploid genotype of Medicago sativa subsp. falcata[J]. Euphytica, 1994, 75: 1-8.
[59] Barcaccia G, Tavoletti S, Falcinelli M, et al. Environmental influence on the frequency and viability of meiotic and apomeiotic cells in a diploid mutant of alfalfa[J]. Crop Science, 1997, 37: 70-76.
[60] Capomaccio S, Barone, Reale L, et al. Isolation of genes from female sterile flowers in Medicago sativa[J]. Sex Plant Reproduction, 2009, 22: 97-107.
[61] Citterio S, Albertini E, Varotto S, et al. Alfalfa Mob1-like genes are expressed in reproductive organs during meiosis and gametogenesis[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 2005, 58: 789-807.
[62] Childers W R. Male sterility in Medicago sativa L[J]. Agricultural Science, 1952, 32: 351-364.
[63] McCoy T J, Smith L Y. Genetics, cytology and crossing behaviour of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mutant resulting in failure of the postmeiotic cytokinesis[J]. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 1983, 25:390-397.
[64] Tavoletti S, Pesaresi P, Barcaeeia G, et al. Mapping the jp (jumbo pollen) gene and QTLs involved in multinucleate microspore formation in diploid alfalfa[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000, 101: 372-378.
[65] 李晓霞, 金樑, 王晓娟. 几个紫花苜蓿亚(变)种花粉和胚株遗传变异分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(6): 1911-1917.
[66] Benlloch R, Roque E, Ferrandiz C, et al. Analysis of B function in legumes: PISTILLATA proteins do not require the PI motif for floral organ development in Medicago truncatula[J]. Plant Journal, 2009, 60: 102-111.
[67] Mariani C, Beuckeleer M D, Truettner J, et al. Induction of male sterility in plants by a chimaeric ribonuclease gene[J]. Nature, 1990, 347: 737-741.
[68] Block M D, Debrouwer D, Moens T. The development of a nuclear male sterility system in wheat expression of the barnase gene under the control of tapetum specific promoters[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997, 95: 125-131.
[69] Reynaerts A, Wiele H V, Sutter G D, et al. Engineered genes for fertility control and their application in hybrid seed production[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 1993, 55: 125-139.
[70] Burgess D G, Ralston E J, Hanson W G, et al. A novel, two-component system for cell lethality and its use in engineering nuclear male-sterility in plants[J]. Plant Journal, 2002, 31: 113-125.
[71] Rosellini D, Pezzotti M, Veronesi F. Characterization of transgenic male sterility in alfalfa[J]. Euphytica, 2001, 118: 313-319.
[72] 高翠萍, 石凤翎, 孙静.苜蓿雄性不育系组织培养技术的研究[J]. 中国草地学报, 2005, 5(12): 29-32.
[73] 吴永敷, 特木尔布和, 许占有, 等. 苜蓿雄性不育系杂交制种利用的研究[J]. 中国草地学报, 1998, 5(5): 9-12.