碱蓬和三角叶滨藜幼苗生长、光合特性对不同盐度的响应

草业学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 64-74.

碱蓬和三角叶滨藜幼苗生长、光合特性对不同盐度的响应

彭益全¹,谢橦¹,周峰^2,3,万红建⁴,张春银⁵,翟瑞婷¹,郑青松^1*,郑春芳^6*,刘兆普¹

1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院江苏省海洋生物学重点实验室,江苏南京 210095;
2.滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州 256603;
3.南京晓庄学院生物化工与环境工程学院,江苏南京 211171;
4.浙江省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,浙江杭州 320021;
5.江苏省盐城绿苑海蓬子有限公司,江苏盐城224002;
6.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所浙江省永兴水产种业有限公司,浙江温州 325005

收稿日期:2012-05-30 出版日期:2012-06-25 发布日期:2012-12-20
通讯作者: E-mail:qszheng@njau.edu.cn,zcfa66@sina.com
作者简介:彭益全(1987-),男,湖南娄底人,在读硕士。E-mail:pengyiquan@gmail.com
基金资助:
浙江省重大科技专项(2012C12017-3),南京农业大学SRT项目(1113A28),浙江省科技项目(2010F20007),山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室开放基金(2011KFJJ02)和江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK2012073)资助。

Response of plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics in Suaeda glauca and Atriplex triangularis seedlings to different concentrations of salt treatments

PENG Yi-quan¹, XIE Tong¹, ZHOU Feng^2,3, WAN Hong-jian⁴, ZHANG Chun-yin⁵, ZHAI Rui-ting¹, ZHENG Qing-song¹, ZHENG Chun-fang⁶, LIU Zhao-pu¹

1.College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2.Binzhou University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou 256603, China;
3.School of Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China;
4.Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
5.Yancheng Green Garden Samphire Development Co., Ltd. Yancheng 224001, China;
6.Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Yongxing Aquatic Products Industry Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325005, China

Received:2012-05-30 Online:2012-06-25 Published:2012-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨碱蓬和三角叶滨藜对不同盐度的响应机制,采用砂培试验,用含不同浓度NaCl的Hoagland营养液处理其幼苗30 d,分析其生物量、株高、含水量(WC)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、Chl/Car、Chl a/Chl b、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔限制值(Ls)的变化。结果表明,1)和对照(不加NaCl)相比,低盐(100 mmol/L NaCl)显著提高碱蓬幼苗的干重(DW)、株高和地上部WC,三角叶滨藜的株高不受明显影响,而其地上部DW和WC显著下降;中盐(400 mmol/L NaCl)胁迫下,碱蓬株高、地上部DW和WC无显著变化,而三角叶滨藜地上部DW和WC显著下降;高盐(800 mmol/L NaCl)下,两植物DW和含水量均明显降低,且碱蓬干重和含水量的降幅要显著低于三角叶滨藜。2)低盐对两植物的Chl含量没有明显影响,随着盐度的增加,其Chl含量均显著下降,碱蓬Chl含量的降幅显著大于三角叶滨藜。低盐明显提高碱蓬叶片的Car含量,但是不影响三角叶滨藜叶片的Car含量,随着盐度的增加,两植物的Car含量均显著下降,碱蓬Car含量的降幅显著大于三角叶滨藜的。随着NaCl浓度增加,两植物的Chl a/Chl b均逐渐上升,而对三角叶滨藜的Chl/Car影响也不显著,但是随着盐度的增加,碱蓬叶片Chl/Car呈先降低后升高的趋势。3)100 mmol/L NaCl处理显著提高碱蓬的Pn、Gs和Tr,但显著降低三角叶滨藜的Pn、Gs和Tr, 随着盐度的进一步增加,二者的Pn、Tr、Gs均显著下降,其中碱蓬Pn、Tr的降幅要显著低于三角叶滨藜的。随着盐度的增加,碱蓬Ci逐渐显著下降;而随着盐度增加,三角叶滨藜的Ci呈先降低、再升高的趋势,800 mmol/L NaCl处理的Ci显著高于对照。4)碱蓬生物量与Tr、Pn、地上部WC、Car含量、根WC、Gs、根冠比、株高、Chl含量、Ci有极显著的正相关,而与Chl/Car、Ls呈极显著负相关,与WUE显著负相关;三角叶滨藜生物量与地上部WC、Chl含量、Pn、Car含量、Tr、Gs、根WC、株高呈极显著正相关,与Chl a/Chl b呈极显著负相关。综上所述,碱蓬和三角叶滨藜幼苗具有高度的耐盐性,且前者的耐盐性高于后者,主要是因为高盐下前者维持更高的光合效率和水分利用效率;Tr、Pn和地上部WC可优先作为评价碱蓬耐盐性的指标,而可作为优先评价三角叶滨藜耐盐性的指标为地上部WC、Chl含量和Pn;高盐下碱蓬Pn的下降主要是气孔限制的结果,而三角叶滨藜Pn下降则主要是由于非气孔限制导致的。

Abstract: In order to get the response mechanism of Suaeda glauca and Atriplex triangularis to different salinity level, we investigated the alteration of different concentrations of NaCl with Hoagland solution on plant biomass, height, water content (WC), chlorophyll (Chl) content, carotenoid (Car) content, Chl/Car, Chl a/Chl b, Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr, water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal limitation (Ls) in S. glauca and A. triangularis seedlings in this study. 1) Compared with control, treatment with 100 mmol/L NaCl significantly increased the dry weight, height and shoot WC of S. glauca plant, however, 100 mmol/L NaCl did not affect the plant height of A. triangularis, decreasing its shoot dry weight and WC markedly. Treatment with 400 mmol/L NaCl had no effect on the shoot dry weight (DW) and WC of S. glauca, but it heavily reduced shoot DW and WC of A. triangularis. With salinity of 800 mmol/L NaCl, DW and WC of two plants were decreased significantly, and the decrease of A. triangularis was much more than that of S. glauca. 2) Treatment of 100 mmol/L NaCl did not affect the Chl content, and treatments of 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl significantly decreased the Chl content in both two plants. However, the decrease was much more significantly in S. glauca than that in A. triangularis under 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl. Treatment of 100 mmol/L NaCl significantly increased the Car content of S. glauca, but did not affect the Car content of A. triangularis. Treatments of 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl significantly decreased the Chl content in both two plants. Similarly, the decrease was much more significantly in S. glauca than that in A. triangularis. All NaCl treatments did not affect Chl a/Chl b in both plants and Chl/Car in A. triangularis, but Chl/Car in S. glauca was descended in first and ascended at last as NaCl concentrations rising. 3) We found that values of Pn, Gs and Tr in S. glauca were all ascended under treatment with 100 mmol/L NaCl, while 100 mmol/L NaCl significantly decreased the Pn, Gs and Tr in A. triangularis. Under stresses of 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl, Pn, Gs and Tr were significantly decreased in both two plants. However, Pn and Tr were decreased more significantly in A. triangularis than in S. glauca. With the increase of salinity, the Ci value in S. glauca was gradually decreased. Meanwhile, in A. triangularis, the Ci value was descended in first and then ascended, and Ci in the treatment of 800 mmol/L NaCl was obviously higher than that in the control. 4) Biomass of S. glauca showed highly significant positive-correlation with its Tr, Pn, shoot WC, Car content, root WC, Gs, root shoot ratio, plant height, Chl content and Ci, and showed highly significant negative-correlation with its Chl/Car and Ls. For A. triangularis, its biomass was highly significant positive-correlation with shoot WC, Chl content, Pn, Car content, Tr, Gs, root WC and plant height, but highly significant negative-correlation with Chl a/Chl b. To sum up, S. glauca and A. triangularis both have high salt resistance. Compared with A. triangularis, S. glauca having better adaptation to salt was owing to maintaining higher photosynthetic and water use efficiency. Under severe salt stress, the reduction in photosynthesis of S. glauca was mainly due to stomatal limitations, while for A. triangularis, the reduction in its photosynthesis was mainly due to non-stomatal limitations.

中图分类号:

Q945.78

彭益全,谢橦,周峰,万红建,张春银,翟瑞婷,郑青松,郑春芳,刘兆普. 碱蓬和三角叶滨藜幼苗生长、光合特性对不同盐度的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(6): 64-74.

PENG Yi-quan, XIE Tong, ZHOU Feng, WAN Hong-jian, ZHANG Chun-yin, ZHAI Rui-ting, ZHENG Qing-song, ZHENG Chun-fang, LIU Zhao-pu. Response of plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics in Suaeda glauca and Atriplex triangularis seedlings to different concentrations of salt treatments[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(6): 64-74.

参考文献

[1] 钦佩, 周春霖, 安树青, 等. 海滨盐土农业生态工程[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心, 2002.
[2] 江苏省908专项办公室. 江苏近海海洋综合调查与评价总报告[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2012.
[3] 赵可夫, 范海. 盐生植物及其对盐渍生境的适应生理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005.
[4] Lieth H. Concepts for different uses of halophytes[A]. In: Tasks for Vegetation Science-43 Mangroves and Halophytes: Restoration and Utilisation[EB/OL]. Springer, 2008, 43: 3-5.
[5] Wagner G N, Balfry S K, Higgs D A, et al. Dietary fatty acid composition affects the repeat swimming performance of Atlantic salmon in seawater[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2004, 137(3): 567-576.
[6] Yang C W, Shi D C, Wang D L. Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistant halophyte Suaeda glauca (Bge.)[J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 2008, 56: 179-190.
[7] 柏新富, 朱建军, 蒋小满, 等. 盐胁迫下三角叶滨藜根系超滤特性的分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(6): 1121-1126.
[8] 梁飞, 田长彦, 张慧. 施氮和刈割对盐角草生长及盐分累积的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 99-105.
[9] 李圆圆, 郭建荣, 杨明峰, 等. KCl和NaCl处理对盐生植物碱蓬幼苗生长和水分代谢的影响[J]. 植物生理与分子生物学学报, 2003, 29(6): 576-580.
[10] Song J, Shi G W, Xing S, et al. Effects of nitric oxide and nitrogen on seedling emergence, ion accumulation, and seedling growth under salinity in the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2009, 172: 544-549.
[11] 高奔, 宋杰, 刘金萍, 等. 盐胁迫对不同生境盐地碱蓬光合及离子积累的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(6): 671-677.
[12] 管博, 于君宝, 陆兆华, 等. 黄河三角洲滨海湿地水盐胁迫对盐地碱蓬幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2011, 32(8): 2422-2429.
[13] 闰留华, 彭建云, 陈敏, 等.潮间带生境下两种表型盐地碱蓬的抗氧化系统比较[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2008, 44(1): 109-111.
[14] Lu C M, Qiu N W, Wang B S, et al. Salinity treatment shows no effects on photosystem II photochemistry, but increases the resistance of photosystem II to heat stress in halophyte Suaeda salsa[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2003, 54: 851-860.
[15] 段德玉, 刘小京, 李存桢, 等. N素营养对 NaCl 胁迫下盐地碱蓬幼苗生长及渗透调节物质变化的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(1): 63-68.
[16] Yuan J F, Feng G, Ma H Y, et al. Effect of nitrate on root development and nitrogen uptake of Suaeda physophora under NaCl salinity[J]. Pedosphere, 2010, 20(4): 536-544.
[17] Ramos J, López M J, Benlloch M. Effect of NaCl and KCl salts on the growth and solute accumulation of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia[J]. Plant and Soil, 2004, 259: 163-168.
[18] 赵福庚, 孙诚, 刘友良, 等. ABA和NaCl对碱蓬多胺和脯氨酸代谢的影响[J]. 植物生理与分子生物学学报, 2002, 28(2): 117-120.
[19] 卜庆梅, 柏新富, 朱建军, 等. 盐胁迫条件下三角滨藜叶片中盐分的积累与分配[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2007, 13(2): 192-195.
[20] 邹日, 柏富新, 朱建军. 盐胁迫对三角叶滨藜根选择性和反射系数的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(9): 2223-2227.
[21] 何晓兰, 侯喜林, 吴纪中, 等. 三角叶滨藜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因的克隆及序列分析[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(1): 15-19.
[22] Flowers T J, Colmer T D. Salinity tolerance in halophytes[J]. New Phytologist, 2008, 179: 945-963.
[23] 谭永芹, 柏新富, 朱建军, 等. 等渗盐分与水分胁迫对三角叶滨藜和玉米光合作用的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(5): 881-886.
[24] 邱念伟, 孔甜甜. 不规则植物材料单位鲜重光合速率的测定[J]. 植物生理学报, 2011, 47(4): 406-408.
[25] Parida A K, Das A B. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2005, 60: 324-349.
[26] Ashraf M, McNeilly T. Salinity tolerance in Brassica oilseeds[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2004, 23(2): 157-174.
[27] Zheng Q S, Liu L, Liu Z P, et al. Comparison of the response of ion distribution in the tissues and cells of the succulent plants Aloe vera and Salicornia europaea to saline stress[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2009, 172: 875-883.
[28] 李合生, 孙群, 赵世杰, 等. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2001.
[29] Farquhar G D, Sharkey T D. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1982, 33: 317-345.
[30] Aghaleh M, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H, et al. Salt stress effects on growth, pigments, proteins and lipid peroxidation in Salicornia persica and S. europaea[J]. Biologia Plantarum, 2009, 53(2): 243-248.
[31] 李珊, 陈静波, 郭海林, 等. 结缕草属草坪草种质资源的耐盐性评价[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 43-51.
[32] 彭云玲, 李伟丽, 王坤泽,等. NaCl胁迫对玉米耐盐系与盐敏感系萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 62-71.
[33] 刁丰秋, 章文华, 刘友良. 盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜组成和功能的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 1997, 23(2): 105-110.
[34] 王磊, 隆小华, 孟宪法, 等. 水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下菊芋幼苗光合作用及离子吸收的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(9): 1901-1907.
[35] 王仁雷, 华春, 刘友良. 盐胁迫对水稻光合特性的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2002, 25(4): 11-14.
[36] Lokhande V H, Nikam T D, Patade V Y, et al. Effects of optimal and supra-optimal salinity stress on antioxidative defence, osmolytes and in vitro growth responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J]. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2011, 104: 41-49.
[37] Parida A K, Hari Kishore C M, Jha B. Growth, ion homeostasis, photosynthesis and photosystem II efficiency of an obligate halophyte, Salicornia brachiata, under increasing salinity[J]. Plant Biology, 2010, 13: 1-8.
[38] Khan M A, Ungar I A, Showalter A M. The effect of salinity on the growth, water status, and ion content of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2000, 45: 73-84.
[39] Mori S, Yoshiba M, Tadano T. Growth response of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall to graded NaCl concentrations and the role of chlorine in growth stimulation[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2006, 52: 610-617.
[40] Munns R. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2002, 25: 239-250.
[41] 耿浩林, 王玉辉, 王风玉, 等. 恢复状态下羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原植被根冠比动态及影响因子[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(10): 4629-4634.
[42] Díaz-López L, Gimeno V, Lidón V, et al. The tolerance of Jatropha curcas seedlings to NaCl: An ecophysiological analysis[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012, 54: 34-42.
[43] Rabhi M, Castagna A, Remorini D, et al. Photosynthetic responses to salinity in two obligate halophytes: Sesuvium portulacastrum and Tecticornia indica[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2012, 79: 39-47.
[44] Merzlyak M N, Solovchenko A E. Photostability of pigments in ripening apple fruit: a possible photoprotective role of carotenoids during plant senescence[J]. Plant Science, 2002, 163: 881-888.
[45] Aro E M, McCaffery S, Anderson J M. Photoinhibition and D1 protein degradation in peas acclimated to different growth irradiances[J]. Plant Physiology, 1993, 103: 835-843.
[46] Sultana N, Ikeda T, Itoh R. Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1999, 42(3): 211-220.
[47] Rout N P, Shaw B P. Salt tolerance in aquatic macrophytes: possible involvement of the antioxidative enzymes[J]. Plant Science, 2001, 160: 415-423.
[48] 高奔, 宋杰, 刘金萍, 等. 盐胁迫对不同生境盐地碱蓬光合及离子积累的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(6): 671-677.
[49] Rout N P, Shaw B P. Salt tolerance in aquatic macrophytes: ionic relation and interaction[J]. Biologia Plantarum, 2001, 44(1): 95-99.
[50] Sobrado M A. Leaf characteristics and gas exchange of the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa as affected by salinity[J]. Photosynthetica, 2005, 43(2): 217-221.
[51] Zinnert J C, Nelson J D, Hoffman A M. Effects of salinity on physiological responses and the photochemical reflectance index in two co-occurring coastal shrubs[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 345: 45-55.
[52] Ashraf M. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants[J]. Flora, 2004, 199: 361-376.
[53] 王丽燕, 赵可夫. NaCl胁迫对海蓬子(Salicornia bigelovii Torr.)离子区室化、光合作用和生长的影响[J]. 植物生理与分子生物学学报, 2004, 30(1): 94-98.
[54] Kao W Y, Tsai T T, Shih C N. Photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of three wild soybean species in response to NaCl treatments[J]. Photosynthetica, 2003, 41(3): 415-419.
[55] 张娟, 姜闯道, 平吉成. 盐胁迫对植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J]. 农业科学研究, 2008, 29(3): 74-80.