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草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 123-130.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140115

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

两种类型垫状植物对土壤微环境修饰作用的比较

刘晓娟1,2,陈年来1*,田青2   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070
    2.甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2013-06-24 出版日期:2014-02-20 发布日期:2014-02-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:chennl@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘晓娟(1980-),女,甘肃天水人,讲师,在读博士。E-mail:liuxiaojuan@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃农业大学校创新基金(GAU-CX1110)和国家自然科学基金地区科学基金(31260122)资助

Comparison on soil microenvironment modification of two cushion species

LIU Xiao-juan1,2,CHEN Nian-lai1,TIAN Qing2   

  1. 1.College of Resource and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;
    2.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2013-06-24 Online:2014-02-20 Published:2014-02-20

摘要: 在海拔3762 m的高寒荒漠地带,以紧实型垫状植物囊种草和松散型垫状植物垫状驼绒藜作为研究对象,每种垫状植物选取9个直径约50 cm的垫状植丛,分别测定植丛覆盖下土壤的养分、物理结构、水分和温度等指标,并以邻近无垫状植物生长区域的土壤为对照,试图揭示2种类型垫状植物对其覆盖下土壤微环境的改变。研究结果表明,2种垫状植物均提高了其冠层下土壤的养分含量,囊种草覆盖下土壤的有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比对照提高了27.91%(P>0.05),12.02%(P>0.05),107.38%(P<0.01),63.74%(P<0.01)和22.36%(P<0.01);垫状驼绒藜覆盖下土壤的速效磷、全磷、速效氮、速效钾和全钾含量分别比对照提高了12.24%(P>0.05),3.68%(P>0.05),55.42%(P<0.05),4.6%(P<0.05)和2.89%(P<0.05)。同时,2种垫状植物均改善了其覆盖下土壤的物理结构,囊种草和垫状驼绒藜分别降低了土壤容重达15.34%和7.45%,且降低程度在两者间差异显著(P<0.05)。囊种草和垫状驼绒藜覆盖下土壤的非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和土壤通气度分别比对照提高了87.73%和60.04%,29.79%和15.40%,34.04%和20.37%,80.55%和54.80%。其中,2种垫状植物对土壤非毛管孔隙度和土壤通气度的改善最为显著。此外,2种垫状植物也不同程度地提高了其覆盖下土壤的各水分条件指标, 其中,对滞留贮水量的提高程度最大,囊种草和垫状驼绒藜分别将其提高了87.73%和60.04%,其次是最大持水量,分别提高了58.50%和29.88%,毛管持水量分别提高了53.45%和27.20%,最小持水量提高了47.66%和25.51%,2种垫状植物对土壤含水量的提高程度最小,分别提高了14.76%和3.66%。并且,2种垫状植物均提高了土壤的最低温度,并降低了土壤的最高温度,使其覆盖下的土壤维持在一个较为固定的温度范围内。结果表明,2种垫状植物均不同程度地改善了土壤微环境,对于土壤微环境的修饰作用均表现为紧实型垫状植物囊种草优于松散型垫状植物垫状驼绒藜,说明紧密的垫状结构是垫状植物修饰土壤微环境的主要原因。

Abstract: In the alpine area with altitude of 3762 m,two cushion species,compact type cushion Thylacospermum caespitosum (Primulaceae) and loose type cushion Ceratoides compacta (Chenopodiaceae) were chosen as target species,the changes of soil microenvironment under two cushion species were studied. Nine individuals with 50 cm diameter of each cushion species were chosen,at the same time,nine open areas in same diameter without cushion growth were also chosen as controls,and sampled in their centers. The nutrients,physical structure,water content and temperature of soil under each selected cushions were determined,and were compared with those of open area without cushions. The results showed that both cushions improved the soil nutrients under their canopies,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content in the soil beneath T. caespitosum was increased 27.91%(P>0.05),12.02%(P>0.05),107.38%(P<0.01),63.74%(P<0.01) and 22.36%(P<0.01),especially,compared with control. The available phosphorus,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available potassium and total potassium content in the soil beneath C. compacta was increased 12.24%(P>0.05),3.68%(P>0.05),55.42%(P<0.05),4.6%(P<0.05) and 2.89%(P<0.05),especially,compared with control. Meanwhile,both cushions changed the physical structure of soil under their canopies,compared with open areas,soil bulk density under T. caespitosum and C. compacta was decreased 15.34% and 7.45% respectively,and noncapillary porosity,capillary porosity,total porosity and aeration porosity were increased 87.73% and 60.04%,29.79% and 15.40%,34.04% and 20.37%,80.55% and 54.80%,respectively. In addition,both cushions improved the water condition of soil beneath them,pondage was improved most,which was improved 87.73% by T. caespitosum and 60.04% by C. compacta. Soil water content was not increased much,which was increased 14.76% by T. caespitosum and 3.66% by C. compacta. Moreover,two cushion species maintained relatively constant temperature environments under their canopies,they increased the extreme low temperature and decreased the extreme high temperature of soil beneath them,and made the soil temperature under their canopies not to change much during a day. Comparison studied showed that the modification effects on soil microenvironment of the compact type cushion was much better than that of loose type cushion,this indicated that the compact canopy was more beneficial to the modification effects.

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