植物调节萌发时间和萌发地点的机制

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140139

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 种子萌发是植物生活史中的关键过渡阶段(从种子到幼苗),它决定着植物萌发后所面临的生存环境和自然选择压力。所以,选择合适的萌发时间和萌发地点将会对植物的存活、竞争以及繁殖产生重要意义。温度、土壤湿度、火灾以及光周期是影响植物种子萌发季节的最重要的环境因子。这些因子能够直接调节种子萌发季节或者通过影响种子的休眠状态进而调节种子的萌发季节,确保种子萌发发生在最有利于幼苗建植的季节。光(包括光通量和光谱特征)、日温幅以及硝酸盐是调节种子萌发地点的环境因子。这些因子能够将萌发限制在土壤表面以及植被斑块中,这有利于植物的出苗和幼苗建植。脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)是影响种子休眠和萌发的2种最主要的激素。ABA的作用是诱导休眠,抑制萌发,GA的作用是去除休眠,促进萌发。在分子水平上,环境因子通过调节控制ABA和GA合成、分解以及信号传导的基因的表达来控制植物种子的萌发。

Abstract: Germination is a critical transition (from seed to seedling) for plants adaption,because it determines the context for subsequent development and natural selection. Thus,to determine the optimum germination time and space is especially important,it has great effect on plant survival,competition,and reproduction. Temperature,soil moisture and photoperiod are the most important factors that can affect germination season. These factors can directly regulate seed germination season or regulate seed germination season by affecting seed dormancy status. Light (including quantity and quality of light),diurnal temperature fluctuation,nitrate and fire are the most common factors that can regulate seed germination place. These factors can limit seed germination to vegetation gaps,which is very benefit for seedling emergence and establishment. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are the two most common hormones that affect dormancy and germination (ABA,inducing and maintenance of seed dormancy; GA,releasing of dormancy and improving of germination potential). Environmental factors can affect expression of genes that regulate the biosynthesis,catabolism,signaling of ABA and GA,which results in optimum germination time and place: temperature can regulate expression of genes that related to the biosynthesis,catabolism,signaling of ABA and GA,as a result,germination occurs in the optimum time for seedling establishment; light can increase the expression of GA3ox1 (the GA biosynthesis gene),and nitrate can increase the expression of CYP707A2 (A gene of ABA catabolism),thus,light and nitrate can help plant germinate in place where is in favour of seedling establishment.

中图分类号:

Q945.34

张佳宁，刘坤. 植物调节萌发时间和萌发地点的机制[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(1): 328-338.

ZHANG Jia-ning,LIU Kun. Mechanisms for plants detecting the optimum time and place to germinate[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 328-338.

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