退化草地大针茅根系特征对氮素添加的响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140505

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以大针茅为建群种的草原是蒙古高原典型草原地带广泛分布的地带性植物群落。近几十年来,由于不合理的利用,大针茅草原出现不同程度的退化。氮素是半干旱草原植物生长的限制性因素,氮素的添加有利于退化草原的恢复,但在氮素影响下草原植物根系特征变化的相关研究很少。本研究分别选取内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区的轻度退化和重度退化草地,进行氮素添加实验(0,30,50,80 g/m²),研究在不同退化程度的草地中大针茅根系特征对氮素添加的响应。结果表明,在重度退化草地中,氮素的添加显著促进了大针茅的根系生长和地上部分生长,根系长度、面积、体积、深度以及地上高度均随氮素添加量的增加而显著增加,根系长度、面积、体积呈极显著正相关关系,根系深度与地上高度呈显著正相关关系;轻度退化草地中大针茅根系特征对氮素添加的响应不显著。比较2个样地,在无氮素添加的条件下,重度退化草地中大针茅的根系直径显著低于轻度退化草地;在高氮素(80 g/m²)添加条件下,重度退化草地中的大针茅根系长度、面积、体积、地上高度与根系深度显著高于轻度退化草地。重度退化草地中土壤氮素的增加,促使大针茅根系主要通过增加根系长度扩大在土壤中的空间分布。

null

Abstract:

Stipa grandis forms zonal plant communities widely distributed in the typical steppe region of the Mongolian plateau. In recent decades, due to the over-utilization, the S. grandis grassland has shown different degrees of degradation. Nitrogen is a limiting factor for plant growth in semi-arid grassland. N addition is beneficial to the recovery of degraded grassland, but research on the influence of N addition to root characteristics of grassland plants is rarely undertaken. In order to study the response of root characteristics of S. grandis to N addition in grassland with different degrees of degradation, two sites (lightly degraded and heavily degraded grassland) were selected in Xilingol typical grassland region of Inner Mongolia, and a 2-year N addition experiment was performed (0,30,50,80 g/m² NH₄NO₃). In the heavily degraded grassland, N addition led to a significant increase in root growth of S. grandis. Root length, surface area, volume, root depth and above-ground height were all significantly increased with increased nitrogen input rates, and these measures of plant response were all significantly correlated. In the lightly degraded grassland, however, the root characters of S. grandis were not responsive to N. Comparing the two sites, root diameter in heavily degraded grassland was significantly lower than that in lightly degraded grassland when no N was added. Root length, area, volume, above-ground height and root depth in heavily degraded grassland was significantly higher than that in lightly degraded grassland under high N (80 g/m²) conditions. In heavily degraded grassland, with increased level of soil N, the root system of S. grandis acquires N for development by increasing root length to colonise a greater soil volume.

中图分类号:

S812.6⁺8

秦洁,鲍雅静,李政海,胡志超,高伟. 退化草地大针茅根系特征对氮素添加的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 40-48.

QIN Jie,BAO Ya-jing,LI Zheng-hai,HU Zhi-chao,GAO Wei. The response of root characteristics of Stipa grandis to nitrogen addition in degraded grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 40-48.

参考文献

Reference: 

[1] Baoyin T G T, Wang J. Dynamic of plant diversity of degraded leymus chinensis steppe after shallowly ploughing[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2006, 26(2): 232-237.

[2] Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Academy of Sciences Comprehensive Expedition. Vegetation in Inner Mongolia[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985.

[3] Zhou Y S, Wang L Q, Zhang P, et al. Responses of the root architecture of Stipa grandis to grassland degradation[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(11): 1962-1966.

[4] Inner Flora Editorial Board. Inner Flora Volume V[M]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1994.

[5] Li B. China northern grassland degradation and countermeasures[J]. Scientia Agricutura Sinica, 1997, 30(6): 2-10.

[6] Chen Z Z, Huang D H, Zhang H F. To investigate the relationship between underground biomass and precipitation model of chinensis grassland and Stipa grandis in Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia[A]. Research of grassland ecological system (Episode 2)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1988: 20-25.

[7] Dong T, Li Q, Zhao M L, et al. Effect of grazing intensity on root biomass of stipa grandis[J]. Acta Agrectir Sinica, 2011, 19(2): 237-241.

[8] Wang W, Liang C Z, Liu Z L, et al. Mechanism of degradation succession in Leymus Chinensis+Stipa Grandis steppe community[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2000, 24(4): 468-472.

[9] Wan H W, Yang Y, Bai S Q, et al. Variations in leaf functional traits of six species along a nitrogen addition gradient in leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version), 2008, 32(3): 611-621.

[10] Li P, Li Z B, Tantai Z. Dynamic distribution characters of herbaceous vegetation root systems in abandoned grasslands of Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(5): 849-853.

[11] Wei L Y, Shangguan Z P. Relationship between vertical distribution of fine root in different successional stages of herbaceous vegetation and soil environment in Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(11): 3740-3748.

[12] Baddeley J A, Watson C A. Seasonal patterns of fine root production and mortality in Prunus avium in Scotland[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2004, 34(7): 1534-1537.

[13] Zhao Z, Li P. Researches on vertical root distributions and drought resistance of main planting tree species in Weibei Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 16(1): 96-99, 107.

[14] Li Y, Xu X Q, Zhu X M. A preliminary study of plant roots improve soil erosion mechanism in the Loess Plateau[J]. Science in China,Ser.B, 1992, 22(3): 254-259.

[15] Jiang Q F, Chen J B, Zong J Q, et al. Effect of phosphorus on Na+ and K+ concentrations and the growth of Zoysia matrella under salt stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 162-168.

[16] Leadley P W, Reynolds J F, Chapin F S I. A model of nitrogen uptake by Eriophorum vaginatum roots in the field: ecological implications[J]. Ecological Monographs, 1997, 67(1): 1-22.

[17] Somma F, Hopmans J W, Clausnitzer V. Transient three-dimensional modeling of soil water and solute transport with simultaneous root growth, root water and nutrient uptake[J]. Plant and Soil, 1998, 202(2): 281-293.

[18] Caldwell M, Manwaring J, Durham S. Species interactions at the level of fine roots in the field: influence of soil nutrient heterogeneity and plant size[J]. Oecologia, 1996, 106(4): 440-447.

[19] Buysse J, Smolders E, Merckx R. Modelling the uptake of nitrate by a growing plant with an adjustable root nitrate uptake capacity[J]. Plant and Soil, 1996, 181(1): 19-23.

[20] Grant R. Simulation in ecosys of root growth response to contrasting soil water and nitrogen[J]. Ecological Modelling, 1998, 107(2): 237-264.

[21] Carroll C, Merton L, Burger P. Impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queensland coal mines[J]. Soil Research, 2000, 38(2): 313-328.

[22] Wang Y F, Wang S P. Influence of different stocking rates on belowground biomass in Inner Mongolia Steppe[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1999, 7(3): 198-203.

[23] Mao Q Z, Yang X T, Miao L. The ecological roles and influencing factors of plant root architecture[J]. Henan Sciences, 2008, 26(2): 172-176.

[24] Andrén O, Paustian K. Barley straw decomposition in the field: a comparison of models[J]. Ecology, 1987, 68(5): 1190-1200.

[25] Chen S H, Zhang M, Wang L Q. China northern grassland plant roots[M]. Changchun: Jilin University Press, 2001.

[26] Staswick P, Serban B, Rowe M, et al. Characterization of an Arabidopsis enzyme family that conjugates amino acids to indole 3 acetic acid[J]. Plant Cell, 2005, 17(2): 616-627.

[27] Hopmans J, Bristow K. Current capabilities and future needs of root water and nutrient uptake modeling[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2002, (77): 103-183.

[28] M kel A, Valentine H, Helj sisko H. Optimal co-allocation of carbon and nitrogen in a forest stand at steady state[J]. The New Phytologist, 2008, 180(1): 114-123.

[29] Frank D, Groffman P. Plant rhizospheric N processes: what we don’t know and why we should care[J]. Ecology, 2009, 90(6): 1512-1519.

[30] Iversen C, Bridgham S, Kellogg L. Scaling plant nitrogen use and uptake efficiencies in response to nutrient addition in peatlands[J]. Ecology, 2010, 91(3): 693-707.

[31] Yu Z Y, Zeng D H, Ai G Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on soil nitrogen availability in sandy grassland[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(11): 1894-1897.

[32] Li L J, Zeng D H, Yu Z Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on grassland species diversity and productivity in Keerqin Sandy Land[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(8): 1838-1844.

[33] Zhang Y S, Zhao X Q, Huang D Q. The study on sustainable using of perennial sowing grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau pasture[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2003, 12(3): 22-27.

[34] Li Z J, Zhou D W, Hu Y G. Effects of different varieties and fertilizer rates on the production of forage Secale cereale Ⅱ: Effects on the hay quality of forage Secale cereale[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(4): 72-81.

[35] Zhong X X, Jiang H D, Cao W X, et al. Effect of N fertilization level and defoliation date on Ca, P and Mg mineral concentration in Hybrid Pennisetum and their relationship to ruminant requirements[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(5): 87-91.

[36] Pan Q M, Bai Y F, Han X G, et al. Studies on the fate of labelled nitrogen applied to a leymus Chinensis community of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia Grassland[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28(5): 665-671.

[37] Yan X L. Root biology principles and applications[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2007.

[38] Mei L, Wang Z Q, Han Y Z, et al. Distribution patterns of Fraxinus mandshurica root biomass, specific root length and root length density[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 17(1): 1-4.

[39] Ma X, Wang L L, Li W J, et al. Effects of different nitrogen levels on nitrogen fixation and seed production of alfalfa inoculated with rhizobia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 95-102.

[40] Fan W, Meng R, Chen Q S. Effects of nitrogen additions on ground/underground biomass allocation of stipa krylovii community[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2010, 31(2): 74-76.

[41] Song H X, Li S X. Changes of root physiological characteristics resulting from supply of water,nitrogen and root-growing space in soil[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004, 10(1): 6-11.

[42] Yang J C, Liang C Z, Fu X M, et al. The responses of annual plant traits to rainfall variation in steppe and desert regions[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 68-76.

参考文献：

[1] 宝音陶格涛, 王静. 退化羊草草原在浅耕翻处理后植物多样性动态研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(2): 232-237.

[2] 中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队. 内蒙古植被[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985.

[3] 周艳松, 王立群, 张鹏, 等. 大针茅根系构型对草地退化的响应[J]. 草业科学, 2011, 28(11): 1962-1966.

[4] 内蒙古植物志编辑委员会. 内蒙古植物志第五卷[M]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古人民出版社, 1994.

[5] 李博. 中国北方草地退化及其防治对策[J]. 中国农业科学, 1997, 30(6): 2-10.

[6] 陈佐忠, 黄德华, 张鸿芳. 内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原和大针茅草原地下生物量与降水量关系模型探讨[A]. 草原生态系统研究(第2集)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988: 20-25.

[7] 董亭, 李群, 赵萌莉, 等. 放牧对大针茅根系生物量影响的研究[J]. 草地学报, 2011, 19(2): 237-241.

[8] 王炜, 梁存柱, 刘钟龄, 等. 羊草+大针茅草原群落退化演替机理的研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(4): 468-472.

[9] 万宏伟, 杨阳, 白世勤, 等. 羊草草原群落6种植物叶片功能特性对氮素添加的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 611-621.

[10] 李鹏, 李占斌, 澹台湛. 黄土高原退耕草地植被根系动态分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(5): 849-853.

[11] 韦兰英, 上官周平. 黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根垂直分布特征与土壤环境的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(11): 3740-3748.

[12] Baddeley J A, Watson C A. Seasonal patterns of fine-root production and mortality in Prunus avium in Scotland[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2004, 34(7): 1534-1537.

[13] 赵忠, 李鹏. 渭北黄土高原主要造林树种根系分布特征及抗旱性研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2002, 16(1): 96-99, 107.

[14] 李勇, 徐晓琴, 朱显谟. 黄土高原植物根系提高土壤抗冲性机制初步研究[J]. 中国科学(B辑化学生命科学地学), 1992, 22(3): 254-259.

[15] 蒋乔峰, 陈静波, 宗俊勤, 等. 盐胁迫下磷素对沟叶结缕草生长及Na+和K+含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 162-168.

[16] Leadley P W, Reynolds J F, Chapin F S I. A model of nitrogen uptake by Eriophorum vaginatum roots in the field:   ecological implications[J]. Ecological Monographs, 1997, 67(1): 1-22.

[17] Somma F, Hopmans J W, Clausnitzer V. Transient three-dimensional modeling of soil water and solute transport with simultaneous root growth, root water and nutrient uptake[J]. Plant and Soil, 1998, 202(2): 281-293.

[18] Caldwell M, Manwaring J, Durham S. Species interactions at the level of fine roots in the field:   influence of soil nutrient heterogeneity and plant size[J]. Oecologia, 1996, 106(4): 440-447.

[19] Buysse J, Smolders E, Merckx R. Modelling the uptake of nitrate by a growing plant with an adjustable root nitrate uptake capacity[J]. Plant and Soil, 1996, 181(1): 19-23.

[20] Grant R. Simulation in ecosys of root growth response to contrasting soil water and nitrogen[J]. Ecological Modelling, 1998, 107(2): 237-264.

[21] Carroll C, Merton L, Burger P. Impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queensland coal mines[J]. Soil Research, 2000, 38(2): 313-328.

[22] 王艳芬, 汪诗平. 不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原地下生物量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 1999, 7(3): 198-203.

[23] 毛齐正, 杨喜田, 苗蕾. 植物根系构型的生态功能及其影响因素[J]. 河南科学, 2008, 26(2): 172-176.

[24] Andrén O, Paustian K. Barley straw decomposition in the field:   a comparison of models[J]. Ecology, 1987, 68(5): 1190-1200.

[25] 陈世鍠, 张昊, 王立群. 中国北方草地植物根系[M]. 长春: 吉林大学出版社, 2001.

[26] Staswick P, Serban B, Rowe M, et al. Characterization of an Arabidopsis enzyme family that conjugates amino acids to indole-3-acetic acid[J]. Plant Cell, 2005, 17(2): 616-627.

[27] Hopmans J, Bristow K. Current capabilities and future needs of root water and nutrient uptake modeling[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2002, (77): 103-183.

[28] Mkel A, Valentine H, Helj-sisko H. Optimal co-allocation of carbon and nitrogen in a forest stand at steady state[J]. The New Phytologist, 2008, 180(1): 114-123.

[29] Frank D, Groffman P. Plant rhizospheric N processes:   what we don’t know and why we should care[J]. Ecology, 2009, 90(6): 1512-1519.

[30] Iversen C, Bridgham S, Kellogg L. Scaling plant nitrogen use and uptake efficiencies in response to nutrient addition in peatlands[J]. Ecology, 2010, 91(3): 693-707.

[31] 于占源, 曾德慧, 艾桂艳, 等. 添加氮素对沙质草地土壤氮素有效性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(11): 1894-1897.

[32] 李禄军, 曾德慧, 于占源, 等. 氮素添加对科尔沁沙质草地物种多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(8): 1838-1844.

[33] 张耀生, 赵新全, 黄德清. 青藏高寒牧区多年生人工草地持续利用的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2003, 12(3): 22-27.

[34] 李志坚, 周道玮, 胡跃高. 不同施肥水平与组合对饲用黑麦生产性能的影响研究 Ⅱ对饲用黑麦质量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(4): 72-81.

[35] 钟小仙, 江海东, 曹卫星, 等. 施肥和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草钙、磷、镁含量的影响及其与家畜需要的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(5): 87-91.

[36] 潘庆民, 白永飞, 韩兴国, 等. 内蒙古典型草原羊草群落氮素去向的示踪研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(5): 665-671.

[37] 严小龙.根系生物学原理与应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007.

[38] 梅莉, 王政权, 韩有志, 等. 水曲柳根系生物量、比根长和根长密度的分布格局[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 17(1): 1-4.

[39] 马霞, 王丽丽, 李卫军, 等. 不同施氮水平下接种根瘤菌对苜蓿固氮效能及种子生产的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 95-102.

[40] 樊维, 蒙荣, 陈全胜. 不同施氮水平对克氏针茅草原地上地下生物量分配的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2010, 31(2): 74-76.

[41] 宋海星, 李生秀. 水、氮供应和土壤空间所引起的根系生理特性变化[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(1): 6-11.

[42] 闫建成, 梁存柱, 付晓玥, 等. 草原与荒漠一年生植物性状对降水变化的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 68-76.