不同类型燕麦农艺和饲草品质性状分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在吉林省西部对来源不同的7种裸燕麦和13种皮燕麦各时期的饲草产量、种子产量、主要农艺性状和饲草品质性状进行对比,采用灰色关联度和聚类分析法对观测指标进行综合评估,以期筛选出能够评价不同类型燕麦的农艺性状和营养品质指标,进而对该系列品种的饲草价值进行综合评价。结果表明,皮燕麦在抽穗期和开花期的饲草产量、成熟期的籽粒产量都要比裸燕麦具有优势,而较高的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维又降低了皮燕麦的饲草品质。皮燕麦和裸燕麦的粗蛋白含量并无差异,但是开花后的粗蛋白含量降低可引起饲草品质的下降。皮燕麦的干草产量与籽粒产量、粗蛋白含量呈现显著的负相关关系,说明饲草产量与饲草品质之间存在着权衡关系,而这种关系在裸燕麦上并不显著。综合各品种灌浆期的农艺性状和营养品质性状分析,甜燕1号和白燕16号是最优的饲草型品种,适宜在本地区以收获饲草为目的进行种植。

关键词: 皮燕麦, 裸燕麦, 饲草产量, 饲草品质, 粗蛋白

Abstract: Seven Avena nuda and thirteen Avena sativa cultivars were evaluated in western Jilin Province of China to compare forage yield, grain yield, and the main agronomic and forage quality traits. The data analysis combined the techniques of gray correlation and cluster analysis to identify the agronomic and nutritional quality traits which best predict high yield and forage quality in an oat cultivar. The results showed that forage yield at heading and anthesis stages and the grain yield at maturity of A. sativa were superior to that of A. nuda, however, A. sativa had higher acid and neutral detergent fiber concentrations which decreased its forage quality. Although there was no difference in crude protein (CP) content between A. nuda and A. sativa, the rapid decline in CP after flowering indicated the forage quality would have been significantly reduced during crop maturation. For A. sativa, the forage yield was negatively correlated with grain yield and CP, which indicated there were trade-off relationships between high grain yield and high forage quality. However, this did not apply to A. nuda. According to the integrative analysis of agronomic and forage quality traits at the grain filling stage, the cultivars A. sativa Tianyan No.1 and A. nuda Baiyan 16 were the best performing forage oat cultivars, and could be widely planted for forage in this region.

Key words: Avena sativa, Avena nuda, forage yield, forage quality, crude protein

王茜, 李志坚, 李晶, 周帮伟. 不同类型燕麦农艺和饲草品质性状分析[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 149-158.

WANG Qian, LI Zhi-jian, LI Jing, ZHOU Bang-wei. Evaluation of agronomic and forage quality traits of a range of oat cultivars[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12): 149-158.

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