用食物当量评价草地农业的生产力

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019079

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据食物当量的概念和模型,通过引入牧草消化率后饲草食物当量计算的能量和蛋白质系数,对原始模型进行了修正。以1 kg苜蓿(标准食部100%,含水量10%,总能14.267 MJ·kg^-1, 蛋白质含量229 g·kg^-1,干物质消化率65.48%)作为标准饲草,计算并比较了天然草地、栽培牧草、青贮饲料与粮食秸秆等草地资源的食物当量,对不同地域、不同空间尺度、不同利用方式的土地资源的生产力进行了统一量纲上的对比。结果表明,我国牧草的饲草食物当量总体在0.2~1.2 FEU·kg^-1,其中豆科牧草的饲草食物当量在0.4~1.2 FEU·kg^-1,其中能量与蛋白兼优、消化率高的银合欢嫩叶为1.2 FEU·kg^-1;禾本科牧草的饲草食物当量在0.2~1.0 FEU·kg^-1,暖季型牧草多年生黑麦草为1.0 FEU·kg^-1;青贮饲草(包括青贮秸秆)的食物当量为0.1~0.7 FEU·kg^-1;秸秆的食物当量约为0.2 FEU·kg^-1。夏季21个主要天然草地类型 (如荒漠草原和高寒草甸)的FEU生产能力为142~2739 FEU·hm^-2,玛曲的高寒草甸及河北草甸草原约在1300 FEU·hm^-2以上。FEU作为一种快速、易于计算和解释的牧草、畜牧饲料和饲料作物的饲料价值的测量管理单位,打破了单纯以谷物为粮食的传统食物观,统一了食物的标准,即将各个地域、农业系统、饲草和家畜种类、饲草加工和利用方式的食物按统一的标准计算,可以对居民的饮食结构和区域农业结构起指导作用,可为推动我国农业供给侧改革提供决策依据。

关键词: 草地农业生态系统, 牧草, 青贮, 家畜, 消化率, 代谢能, 粗蛋白, 饲用价值, 草地评价

Abstract: Building on the concept and definition of the Food Equivalent Unit, this paper modifies the original definition by including energy and protein digestibility for calculation of the forage food equivalent unit (FEU). Using 1 kg alfalfa as the forage standard (FEU=1.0 with standard edibility (100%), standard moisture content (10%), total energy (14.267 MJ·kg^-1), crude protein (229 g·kg^-1 DM), digestible DM (65.48%), feed standard energy and protein factors are derived and, together with digestibility values, used in the model to calculate FEU of other forage types. The FEU is proposed as a measure of the feed value of forage resources such as native grassland, cultivated forage, silage and cereal straw. The results indicate that the average FEU of all principal forage types in China is in the range of 0.2-1.2 FEU·kg^-1, and the FEU of leguminous forage (with good energy and protein content) is between 0.4-1.2 FEU·kg^-1. The FEU of Leucaena chinensis, of which the leaves have high digestibility, is 1.2 FEU·kg^-1; the FEU of grass species ranges from 0.2-1.0 FEU·kg^-1, with FEU of perennial ryegrass in the warm season being 1.0 FEU·kg^-1, and FEU of silage about 0.1-0.7 FEU·kg^-1. The FEU of straw is about 0.2 FEU·kg^-1. The FEU production capacity of 21 major natural grassland types (e.g.: desert steppe and alpine meadow) in summer growing season was calculated to be in the range 142-2739 FEU·ha^-1, with alpine meadow in Maqu, and Hebei’s meadow steppe grassland both being above 1300 FEU·ha^-1. The forage FEU has the potential to be used as a quick and easy-to-calculate-and-interpret measure of forage feed value of both arable and pastoral forage and feed crops, and as such, to be a valuable management tool in the selection of forage crops for livestock production.

Key words: grassland agro-ecosystem, forage, silage, livestock, digestibility, metabolic energy, crude protein, feed value, grassland evaluation

娄珊宁, 侯扶江, 任继周. 用食物当量评价草地农业的生产力[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 1-16.

LOU Shan-ning, HOU Fu-jiang, REN Ji-zhou. Evaluation of grassland agricultural productivity by food equivalent unit[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12): 1-16.

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