早期营养干预对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃微生物区系发育的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020102

草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 199-211.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020102

早期营养干预对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃微生物区系发育的影响

张剑搏¹(), 丁考仁青³, 梁泽毅¹, Anum-aliAhmad⁴, 杜梅¹, 郑娟善¹, 丁学智¹^,²()

^1.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所，甘肃省牦牛繁育重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
^2.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所，农业农村部兽用药物创制重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
^3.甘南州畜牧工作站，甘肃合作 747000
^4.兰州大学生命科学学院，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2020-03-07 修回日期:2020-05-07 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-01-19
通讯作者: 丁学智
作者简介:E-mail: dingxuezhi@caas.cn
张剑搏（1991-），男，甘肃通渭人，在读博士。E-mail: zhangjb9122@163.com
基金资助:
“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0502303);国家自然基金委国际合作与交流项目(31461143020);中国农业科学院青年英才专项基金资助

Effect of early nutrition intervention on rumen microflora development in young ruminants

Jian-bo ZHANG¹(), KAO Ren-qing DING³, Ze-yi LIANG¹, Ahmad Anum-ali⁴, Mei DU¹, Juan-shan ZHENG¹, Xue-zhi DING¹^,²()

^1.Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering，Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Lanzhou 730050，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development，Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs，Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Lanzhou 730050，China
^3.Gannan Animal Husbanry Workstation，Hezuo 747000，China
^4.School of Life Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2020-03-07 Revised:2020-05-07 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-01-19
Contact: Xue-zhi DING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

正常稳定的瘤胃微生物区系是反刍动物瘤胃健康的重要指标，且在瘤胃结构形态发育、微生物定植模式、免疫功能调节及抵御外源致病因子侵袭等方面发挥着重要积极作用。最近研究表明，新生反刍动物瘤胃微生物组成相对单一，但随着早期瘤胃发育过程中不同微生物群落相继开始定植并占据不同的生态位，此时的营养干预可能会形成特定的微生物群落组合并产生持久影响，这为进一步提高反刍动物生产性能和健康水平提供了更好的长期策略。本研究主要从3个方面详细综述了早期营养干预对瘤胃微生态系统发育的最新研究成果，包括探索幼龄反刍动物瘤胃形态及功能发育、寻找影响早期瘤胃微生物群落定植的因素及最佳调控“窗口期”的选择，并对宿主与微生物群落间的免疫互作进行简要剖析，以期为通过早期营养干预调控瘤胃微生物区系，提高反刍动物生产性能来应对全球畜牧业挑战，并为提高秸秆纤维利用率及抑制甲烷排放提供理论依据。

关键词: 瘤胃微生物区系, 早期营养干预, 微生物定植, 免疫互作

Abstract:

The presence of a normal and stable rumen microflora is an important indicator of rumen health in ruminants. It also plays an important role in the development of rumen morphology， microbial colonization， regulation of immune function， and resistance to invasion by exogenous pathogenic factors. Recent studies have shown that the composition of rumen microbes in neonatal ruminants is relatively simple. However， different microbial communities begin to colonize and occupy different niches during early rumen development， so nutritional interventions at this point may result in the formation of specific microbial communities and may have lasting effects. Such interventions provide a better long-term strategy for further improving ruminant productivity and health. In this paper， the latest research findings on early nutrition intervention in the development of the rumen microecological system are reviewed in detail from the following three perspectives： Exploring the development of rumen morphology and function of young ruminants， the factors affecting the early rumen microbial community colonization and the selection of a ‘window period’ for intervention， and brief analysis of the immune interaction between host and microbial communities. This information would help in the improvement of the performance of ruminants through early nutrition intervention to meet the global challenge of animal husbandry， as well as improvements in straw fiber utilization and the control of methane emission.

Key words: rumen microflora, early nutrition intervention, microbial colonization, immune interaction

张剑搏, 丁考仁青, 梁泽毅, Anum-aliAhmad, 杜梅, 郑娟善, 丁学智. 早期营养干预对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃微生物区系发育的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(2): 199-211.

Jian-bo ZHANG, KAO Ren-qing DING, Ze-yi LIANG, Ahmad Anum-ali, Mei DU, Juan-shan ZHENG, Xue-zhi DING. Effect of early nutrition intervention on rumen microflora development in young ruminants[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(2): 199-211.

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早期营养干预对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃微生物区系发育的影响

Effect of early nutrition intervention on rumen microflora development in young ruminants

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