质体ACCase Trp-1999-Leu突变对小麦田菵草生长适合度的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确质体乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）Trp-1999-Leu突变对小麦田菵草生长适合度的影响，以ACCase基因CT区域的1999位纯合突变型（Leu/Leu， RR）和纯合野生型（Trp/Trp， SS）菵草为对象，采用温室盆栽法探究两种基因型菵草在早期生长阶段及营养生长阶段的株高及地上生物量、成熟期的繁殖力，在室内与田间不同条件下测定两种基因型菵草与小麦竞争能力的差异，以期明确在无除草剂选择压力下该位点突变对菵草生长的影响。结果表明，在菵草生长早期的10~15 d，RR型菵草的生物量和株高分别比SS型低24.9%和11.5%；在营养生长阶段，RR型菵草的相对生长速率（RGR）和净同化率（NAR）分别比SS型菵草低18.2%和28.6%，叶面积比（LAR）高于SS型14.0%，但是二者的地上生物量无显著差异。在成熟期，RR分配给生殖器官的资源更少，无论是繁殖力还是平均植株总种子重量均显著低于SS，分别低13.1%、11.4%。竞争力方面，在室内条件下，随着小麦密度的升高，RR基因型菵草地上生物量及种子产量均显著低于SS型；在田间试验中也证实了室内研究的结果，RR型与SS型菵草相比，与小麦的竞争力更弱。因此，ACCase Trp-1999-Leu基因突变会使抗性菵草产生明显的繁殖力和竞争力适合度代价，研究结果可为该基因型菵草的进化和治理提供一定的理论基础。

关键词: 菵草, 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶, Trp-1999-Leu, 适合度

Abstract:

In this study， we aimed to determine the fitness cost of the Trp-1999-Leu mutation in plastid acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase （ACCase） on the growth of Beckmannia syzigachne， an important weed of cultivated wheat. The mutant had a homozygous mutation （Leu/Leu， RR） at the 1999 site of ACCase gene’s carboxyl transferase （CT） region， compared with the wild type with Trp/Trp （SS） at the same site. The plant height， aboveground biomass in the early and vegetative stages of growth， fecundity at maturity， and competitiveness with wheat were compared between the wild type and the mutant to clarify the impact of the mutation on the growth of B. syzigachne without herbicide selection pressure. Pot experiments in a greenhouse were conducted to evaluate plant height and aboveground biomass in the early and vegetative stages of growth. The competitiveness of the wild type and the mutant was evaluated using both pot experiments in a greenhouse and field experiments. The results showed that the biomass and plant height of the RR genotype of B. syzigachne were 24.9% and 11.5% lower than that of the SS genotype during 10-15 days of early growth. At the vegetative growth stage， the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of the RR genotype were 18.2% and 28.6% lower than those of the SS genotype， and the leaf area ratio of the RR genotype was 14.0% higher than that of the SS genotype. However， there was no significant difference in aboveground biomass between the RR and SS genotypes. At the mature stage， the RR genotype allocated less resources to reproductive organs， and the fecundity and total seed weight per plant of the RR genotype were 13.1% and 11.4% lower than their respective values in the SS genotype. In terms of competitiveness， as the density of wheat increased， the aboveground biomass and seed yield of the RR genotype were significantly lower than those of the SS genotype in the greenhouse experiments. This result was confirmed in the field experiment， where the RR genotype showed weaker interspecific competitiveness compared with the SS genotype. Therefore， the ACCase Trp-1999-Leu mutation has significant reproductive and competitive fitness costs in B. syzigachne. These results provide a theoretical basis for the management of this genotype of B. syzigachne.

Key words: Beckmannia syzigachne, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, Trp-1999-Leu, fitness cost

白霜, 吕庆浩, 李怡慧, 刘国平, 罗小勇, 李凌绪. 质体ACCase Trp-1999-Leu突变对小麦田菵草生长适合度的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(3): 209-216.

Shuang BAI, Qing-hao LYU, Yi-hui LI, Guo-ping LIU, Xiao-yong LUO, Ling-xu LI. Fitness cost of the Trp-1999-Leu mutation in plastid ACCase on the growth of Beckmannia syzigachne[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 209-216.

图/表 6

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基因型Genotype	生物量Biomass （g·plant^-1）		株高Plant height （mm）
基因型Genotype	10 d	15 d	10 d	15 d
RR	1.55±0.16	2.05±0.42	48.08±2.93	86.65±6.89
SS	1.35±0.10	2.73±0.55*	50.78±3.16	97.92±5.98*

基因型Genotype	生物量Biomass （g·plant^-1）		株高Plant height （mm）
基因型Genotype	10 d	15 d	10 d	15 d
RR	1.55±0.16	2.05±0.42	48.08±2.93	86.65±6.89
SS	1.35±0.10	2.73±0.55*	50.78±3.16	97.92±5.98*

指标Indicator	RR	SS
分蘖数Tiller number	2.8±0.85	3.2±0.98
平均植株总生物量Average total biomass （T_b）	1.00±0.19	0.97±0.15
平均植株种子数Average seed number （S_n）	395±68.78	425±89.84
平均植株总种子重量Average total seed weight （TS_w）	0.31±0.01	0.35±0.02*
繁殖力Reproduction effort （RE）	31.54±2.72	36.31±1.46*

指标Indicator	RR	SS
分蘖数Tiller number	2.8±0.85	3.2±0.98
平均植株总生物量Average total biomass （T_b）	1.00±0.19	0.97±0.15
平均植株种子数Average seed number （S_n）	395±68.78	425±89.84
平均植株总种子重量Average total seed weight （TS_w）	0.31±0.01	0.35±0.02*
繁殖力Reproduction effort （RE）	31.54±2.72	36.31±1.46*

地点 Location	基因型 Genotype	株高 Plant height （cm）	分蘖数 Tillers number	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass （g·plant^-1）	种子产量 Seed yield （g·plant^-1）
即墨Jimo	RR	60.9±1.82	2.8±0.75	0.42±0.02	0.30±0.02
即墨Jimo	SS	67.2±1.77	3.2±0.93	0.51±0.02*	0.38±0.01*
莱西Laixi	RR	48.9±3.12	2.3±0.33	0.44±0.10	0.32±0.03
莱西Laixi	SS	52.4±2.43	2.6±0.21	0.63±0.07*	0.49±0.06*