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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 129-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025515

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

菊芋种子破除休眠方法的研究

代明旭(), 张国银, 吴征江, 丁亦豪, 朱蕾, 杨桢, 蒙素滤, 赫子晗, 刘慧霞()   

  1. 西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730030
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-18 修回日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘慧霞
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liuhuixia2@aliyun.com
    代明旭(2005-),男,辽宁沈阳人,在读本科。E-mail: 19997834875@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费项目(31920250005)

Methods for breaking seed dormancy in Jerusalem artichoke

Ming-xu DAI(), Guo-yin ZHANG, Zheng-jiang WU, Yi-hao DING, Lei ZHU, Zhen YANG, Su-lyu MENG, Zi-han HE, Hui-xia LIU()   

  1. School of Life Sciences and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China
  • Received:2025-12-18 Revised:2026-01-26 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Hui-xia LIU

摘要:

为探究破除菊芋种子休眠的方法,在25 ℃下,将脱壳与带壳菊芋种子分别置于不同浓度(0、100、200、300 mg·L-1)的乙烯利(ETH)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、α-萘乙酸(NAA)、赤霉素(GA?)溶液浸润的纸床发芽,筛选出破除休眠理想的调节剂及种子形态,再用筛选出的调节剂和种子形态进行不同时间(1、2、3、4、5 h)浸种处理后在常规纸床发芽进行方法优化。结果表明,脱壳是打破菊芋种子休眠的重要措施。IAA、NAA均抑制菊芋种子萌发;GA?对带壳菊芋种子无作用,对脱壳种子的影响随着GA?浓度的升高呈先升后降的剂量响应,200 mg·L?1达峰,但是发芽率只有43%,在生产中没有意义;ETH(100~300 mg·L?1)对带壳和脱壳菊芋种子萌发均有促进,且在脱壳种子上表现最佳,其最终发芽率达56.67%~63.33%,菊芋根长随ETH浓度先增后降。因此,选用脱壳+ETH进行浸种进一步优化破除菊芋种子的方法,结果显示ETH浸种显著增加了菊芋种子的各发芽指标(P<0.05),使菊芋种子初始发芽时间提前1 d;ETH浓度对脱壳菊芋种子发芽指数影响较大,其随ETH浓度的升高逐渐增加,浸种时间对发芽势影响较大,随浸种时间的延长先增加后降低,100~200 mg·L?1浸泡3~4 h效果较好,使脱壳菊芋种子累计发芽势>70%,发芽率>78%,其中100 mg·L?1浸种3 h达81.67%。所有浸种处理的根、苗长均在3~4 h显著提升,但芽长无显著变化。由此得出,菊芋种子休眠既有种壳阻止物理休眠,又有种壳和种子本身所含生长调节剂调节失衡的生理休眠,破除菊芋种子休眠最佳处理为:脱壳+ETH(100~200 mg·L?1)浸泡(3~4 h)。

关键词: 菊芋种子, 植物生长调节剂, 破除休眠, 发芽指标, 生长指标

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to investigate methods for breaking seed dormancy in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Seeds of Jerusalem artichoke were left intact or dehulled, and then germinated at 25 ℃ on paper after imbibing for various lengths of time (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 h) in solutions containing different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 mg·L?1) of ethephon (ETH), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), or gibberellin (GA3). The overall goal was to identify the optimal conditions for breaking seed dormancy. Seed dehulling was found to be crucial for breaking dormancy. Treatment with both IAA and NAA inhibited seed germination, whereas treatment with GA? had no effect on intact seeds. Dehulled seeds exhibited a dose-dependent response to GA3 in terms of germination percentage, which initially increased and then decreased as the GA3 concentration increased. The peak germination percentage (43%) was achieved by imbibing dehulled seeds in GA3 at 200 mg·L-1, but this percentage was too low for production. Imbibing in ETH (100-300 mg·L-1) promoted germination of both intact and dehulled seeds, with the latter showing final germination percentages of 56.67% to 63.33%. The root length of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings also showed a dose-response relationship with ETH, increasing initially and then decreasing as the ETH concentration increased. The method of dehulling seeds combined with imbibing in an ETH solution was further optimized to break seed dormancy. Imbibing dehulled seeds in ETH advanced the initial germination time by 1 day and significantly increased all germination indexes (P<0.05). The ETH concentration had a significant effect on the germination index of dehulled Jerusalem artichoke seeds, with the index gradually increasing as the ETH concentration increased. The imbibition time had a greater impact on germination potential, which initially increased and then decreased with prolonged imbibition time. The optimal treatment was imbibing dehulled seeds in ETH at 100-200 mg·L-1 for 3-4 hours; this yielded a cumulative germination potential of >70% and a germination rate of >78%. Among all treatments, imbibing dehulled seeds in ETH at 100 mg·L?1 for 3 hours yielded the highest final germination rate of 81.67%. The optimal imbibition time in terms of root and shoot lengths was 3-4 h, although imbibition time did not affect bud length. The results indicate that seed dormancy in Jerusalem artichoke is controlled physically by the seed coat and physiologically by the balance of growth regulators in the seed coat and the seeds themselves. Under these conditions, the optimal treatment for breaking the seed dormancy of Jerusalem artichoke was dehulling combined with imbibing in ETH solution (100-200 mg·L?1) for 3-4 hours.

Key words: Jerusalem artichoke seeds, plant growth regulators, dormancy break, germination index, growth index