纳米粒子的植物促生效应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球气候变化和人口数量的增长，人们对于植物生产的可持续发展需求更为迫切。纳米技术是21世纪发展最快的前沿科技之一，为促进农业可持续发展最有前景的工具之一。近年来，纳米材料调控植物生长的研究迅速发展，证实了其在传统植物生产中的潜在能力。为明确纳米材料对植物的促生作用及作用机制，本研究就纳米材料的吸收运输、纳米肥料、纳米植物生长调节剂、纳米酶与植物抗逆、纳米材料与光合作用等方面进行了论述，并指出纳米材料在植物生产领域面临的挑战和未来研究重点，强调要系统考虑纳米材料在农业生产中的应用，以期为后续纳米粒子调控植物生产的研究工作理清思路。

关键词: 纳米材料, 植物生产, 纳米肥料, 纳米植物生长调节剂, 光合作用

Abstract:

With global climate change and human population increase， the demand for sustainable development of plant production is more urgent. Nanotechnology is one of the most developed sciences in the 21^st century and a promising tool for sustainable agricultural development. In recent years， the applications of nanomaterials for enhancement of plant production have developed rapidly， and potential of this technology in traditional plant production has been proven. In this review， we elucidate the promotional effect of nanomaterials on plant growth and their mechanisms. We discuss developments of nanomaterial research in plant growth， including uptake and transport of nanoparticles， fertilizers and plant growth regulators effects of nano particles， nano enzyme enhancement of stress resistance and nano particle regulation of photosynthesis. Further， the challenges of nanomaterial applications in plant production and research priorities are discussed， emphasizing the need for a systematic approach to the use of nanotechnology in agriculture. We hope this paper will provide new ideas for future research on nanoparticle regulation of plant functions.

Key words: nanomaterial, plant production, nano fertilizer, nano plant growth regulator, photosynthesis

韩云华, 米素娟, 石晓琪, 钟天航. 纳米粒子的植物促生效应[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(11): 204-213.

Yun-hua HAN, Su-juan MI, Xiao-qi SHI, Tian-hang ZHONG. Promotional effects of nanoparticles on plants[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 204-213.

图/表 2

图1 纳米材料的植物吸收运输途径A：纳米材料通过叶片的吸收途径：经气孔和角质层空隙进入叶肉组织，通过共质体和质外体途径吸收；B：纳米材料通过根系的吸收途径：共质体途径和质外体途径；C：根系吸收经木质部转移到地上部；D：叶片吸收经韧皮部转移到根部。A： The absorption pathway of nanomaterials through the leaves： stomata and cuticular pathway； B： The absorption pathway of nanomaterials through roots： symplastic and apoplastic transport； C： Absorbed by roots and transferred to the above ground through xylem； D： Absorbed by leaves and transferred to the roots through the phloem.

Fig.1 The absorption and transport pathways of nanomaterials in plants

图2 纳米酶提高植物的抗逆机制A：纳米酶通过清除自由基提高植物抗逆性；B：纳米材料阻碍病原微生物吸水，造成质壁分离；诱导产生ROS，造成基因表达异常，破坏细胞膜完整性，使细胞泄漏。 A： Nano-enzyme increase plant stress resistance by ROS scavenging； B： Nanomaterials hinder the absorption of water by pathogenic microorganisms， resulting in plasmolysis； Induce ROS production， resulting in abnormal gene expression， destruction of cell membrane integrity and cell leakage.

Fig.2 Improvement of plant resistance mechanism by nano-enzyme

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